Plant Anatomy

This set of flashcards covers key terms related to plant anatomy including types of cells, structures, and functions.

__ are small hair-like structures that increase the surface area of roots for absorption.

Root hairs

The main root from which other roots branch is called the __.

Tap root

The region of active cell division at the tip of a plant root is known as the __.

Apical meristem

The protective structure at the tip of a root is called the __.

Root cap

The type of mesophyll that is loosely arranged to facilitate gas exchange is __.

Spongy mesophyll

The part of the leaf primarily responsible for photosynthesis is known as the __.

Palisade

The vascular tissues responsible for the transport of water and minerals are __.

Xylem

The vascular tissues responsible for the transport of food are __.

Phloem

The small openings on the leaf surface that regulate gas exchange are called __.

Stoma

The outermost layer of a plant organ is referred to as the __.

Epidermis

The layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissues in roots is known as the __.

Cortex

__ is the tissue that transports water and nutrients in plants.

Xylem

__ transports sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Phloem

The central part of a stem or root is called the __.

Pith

The layer of tissue responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots is the __.

Vascular cambium

The innermost layer of the cortex in roots is called the __.

Endodermis

The covering of the leaf that helps reduce water loss is called the __.

Cuticle