Earth and Space Science

science

study of the natural world

theory

a well proven claim about the natural world that has been tested and retested using methods of science

observation

facts gathered by studying the world using our 5 senses

To prove explanations we need to ? data and ? tests

collect and conduct

scientific inquiry

a process by which scientists explain the natural world through questioning and evidence

hypothesis

an explanation based on research and observation that can be tested

scientific theory

hypothesis that have been tested repeatedly using scientific method

example of scientific theory

Antoine Lavoisier’s oxygen theory of combustion

scientific law

statements that are accepted as universal facts. often in math

example of scientific law

Sir Issac Newton’s first law of motion

opinion

statement that expresses feelings or beliefs

facts

statements that can be proved true

kilo

1,000

hecto

100

deka

10

deci

0.1

centi

0.01

milli

0.001

streak plate

identifies types of minerals

radio dish

collects data on radio waves `

How to lower a random error

take measurements more than once and take the average

How to lower systematic error

check equipment or change design of experiment

The ? is the ? star in our solar system

sun, only

system

a group of related parts that work together

natural systems

exist in nature and were not created by humans

plant

a large object that is nearly spherical, orbits the sun, and has no other objects of comparable size in its orbit

galaxy

a system. made up of a large number of stars held together by gravity

Why do the ? planets rotate around the sun

8, the suns gravity

orbit

a path that an object follows when it moves around another object in space due to gravity

comet

had nucleus, coma, and tail. ice, frozen CO2, rock and dust make up nucleus.

what happens to a comet when it passes the sun

it heats up and releases gas and dust

asteroid

small rocky body that rotates the sun and hangs out in the asteroid belt between mars and Jupiter

Smallest to largest planets

mercury, mars,venus,earth,neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter

inner planets

mercury, mars, venus, and earth

outer planets

neptune,uranus, saturn,jupiter

satellite

a small body that orbits a planet or star

the moon is commonly called a

natural satellite

weight

the measure of the pull of gravity on an object

force

a push or pull on an object

gravity

an attractive force caused by the mass of objects

gravitational force

two objects being attracted to one another

gravitational force increases when

the mass of one or both things increases

gravitational force decreases when

the distance increases

What is the closest body to earth

the moon

mass

the amount of matter in an object

how to find weight

W=mg

Why do the planets have an elliptical orbit

the sun draws the less heavy planets too it and there is a forward motion

? Holds our solar system together

gravity

velocity

speed of an object moving in a certain direction

A planet moves forward bc of ? but it is constantly held back by ?

momentum, gravitational force of the sun

gravitational slingshot

a technique of using the energy of a gravitational field and the orbital velocity of a planet to change the speed of an spacecraft

lunar eclipse

the earth is between the sun and the moon (has to be a full moon)

lunar month

the 27 days it takes the moon to go around the Earth

Why is the moon visible

it reflects light from the sun

Phases of the moon

new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent

solar eclipse

moon is between sun and earth

annulus

a ring of sunlight that the moon doesn’t cover

solstice

sun is at the greatest angle from the equator

Summer Solstice

June 20-21

Winter Solstice

December 20-21

Equinox

marks beginning of spring and fall

spring equinox

March 20-21

Fall Equinox

September 22-23

How long does it take the moon to complete a revolution around the Earth

27 days

Planets closest to the sun are called? because they are made of ?

terestrials, rock and metal

aphelion

part of orbit that is farthest from the sun

perihrlion

part of orbit that is closest to the sun

orbital radius

average distance between a planet and the sun

astronomical unit

150 million kilometers

Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. its distance from the sun is 0.38 AU. We know that AU is about 150 million kilometers

57 million kilometers

1 light year

distance traveled by light in a years time (about 9.46 trillion kilometers)

After the Sun, Alpha Centuri is the nearest star to Earth. It is 4.4 light years away . What is the distance?

42 trillion kilometers

What acts as a divider between the inner and outer planets?

the asteroid belt

In the inner planets what has the highest mass

Earth

In the galaxy what planet has the lowest mass?

mercury

For terrestrial planets lower ? =lower ?

mass, planet gravity

What planet has the highest mass in the Solar System

Jupiter

Mass of Planets

mercury<mars<venus<earth<saturn<uranus<neptune<jupiter

earth has ? moons

1

mars has ? moons

2

mercury and venus have ? moons

0

jupiter has ? moons

67

Saturn has ? moons

62

Uranus has ? moons

27

Neptune has ? moons

14

Why can Saturn and Jupiter have so many moons?

They have a large gravitational pull because of their high masses and they are located near the asteroid belt which is away from the sun.

Largest moons of Jupiter (aka Galilean moons)

IO, Europia, Ganymede, and Calisto

IO

has most volcsanic activity of moons in solar system and its surface is made of sulfur

europea

ice surface

ganymede

has its own magnetic field and is the largest moon in the solar system

Callisto

crater filled surface

Saturn's largest moon

Titan is the second largest moon in the solar system. it looks like a frozen earth

All of the outer planets have

rings

Dwarf Planets

Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Makemake Haumea

ceres was called a ? because it was in the ?

asteroid, asteroid belt

Eris is the ? Dwarf planet and it lies in ?

largest, Kuipers belt

atmosphere

envelope of gas surrounding a planet. Held in place by gravity

Mercury has ?% gravity what Earth does making a thin atmosphere

38

Venus has a ? atmosphere

dence

Mars has a ? atmosphere that is ? than ?% of Earths

thin, less, 1%