BIO

indicator species

species that are sensitive to change

biomass

body mass is measure of stored energy

pyramind of energy

shows the amount of energy trapped at each level its only 10% efficient

obligate anaerobes

need there to be no oxygen

facultative anaerobes

can survive with no oxygen and oxygen

obligate aerobes

need oxygen

anthropomorphic

human made

greenhouse gas effect

the sun send visible light (shorter wave lengths) and It then get absorbed and reemitted as infuriated light (longer wave length) to warm the atmosphere.

Instead of all the heat escaping into space, GHGs absorb some of this infrared radiation and re-emit it in all directions, including back toward Earth’s surface. This traps heat in the atmosphere, warming the planet.

greenhouse gasses include corbon, nitrogen, water vapour, methane

Big ones are carbon and water vapour

nitrogen cycle

nitrogen-fixation ; when nitrifying bacteria take N2 from the atmosphere and puts in the soil as nitrates (no3)

decomposition : when bacteria attacks N2 in plants and turns it to NH3 or NO3

de-nitrification ; when Bactria converts NO3 back into N2 and release is back in the atmosphere ( anaerobic )

phosphorus cycle

phosphorus is primary componet in DNA and ATP

they are based in the soil not the air

1. Weathering of Rocks

Phosphorus is mostly stored in rocks as phosphate minerals. Over time, weathering (caused by rain, wind, or chemical processes) breaks down these rocks, releasing phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) into the soil and water.

2. Absorption by Plants

Plants absorb phosphate from the soil through their roots. Phosphorus is used in the formation of important molecules like nucleic acids and ATP, which are vital for energy transfer and growth.

3. Movement Through the Food Chain

• Herbivores obtain phosphorus by consuming plants.

• Carnivores obtain phosphorus by eating herbivores or other carnivores.

• Phosphorus is incorporated into their tissues (e.g., bones, teeth, DNA)