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Kinetic Molecular Theory
A theory that explains the properties of matter in terms of the motions of its particles and the interactions between those particles.
Intermolecular Forces
The attractive forces between molecules that influence the physical properties of substances.
Solids
A state of matter characterized by closely packed particles with strong intermolecular forces that restrict their movement to vibrations.
Liquids
A state of matter where the particles are less tightly packed than in solids, allowing them to move past each other but still remain in close proximity.
Gases
A state of matter where particles are far apart due to weak intermolecular forces, allowing for significant movement and expansion.
Phase Changes
Transitions between different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) which occur due to changes in temperature and pressure.
Melting
The process where a solid becomes a liquid as its temperature increases, causing its molecules to gain kinetic energy and overcome intermolecular forces.
Vaporization
The process where a liquid turns into a gas, occurring when the liquid's particles gain enough energy to overcome intermolecular attractions.
Average Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion of the molecules in a substance, which is reflected in the temperature of the substance.
Macroscopic Properties
Properties of matter that can be observed and measured directly, such as volume, shape, and state.
