Marine Science- Animals

What Are The 13 Invertebrates?

• Porifera

• Cnidarians

• Platyhelminthes

• Nemertea

• Nematoda

• Annelida

• Pogonophora

• Sipuncula

• Chaetognatha

• Acanthocephala

• Mollusca

• Arthropoda

• Echinodermata

What Is Bilateral Symmetry?

When you can split an organism vertically and both sides will look the same

How Many Species Are There?

1,076,000 approx.

What Are Suspension Feeders?

Organisms that feed on organic particles floating in the water

What Does Voracious Mean?

Wanting of eating a large amount of food

What Is A Worm?

Free-living cylindrical organism with a long tube-like body, often segmented, there are many different body sizes and they can be found in a wide variety of ecosystems

What Are The Eras In Order Of Oldest To Newest?

• Hadean

• Archean

• Proterozoic

• Phanerozoic

How Many Species Of Arthropods Are There?

900,000

Define Behavior

How an organism acts and reacts

Define Ecology

Study of Interactions, distribution, abondance, and diversity of organisms

What Is The Difference Between A Biological And Physical Factor?

Biological is biotic and physical is abiotic

What Are Some Biological Factors That Affect Behavioral Ecology?

• Predation

• Resource availability

• Competition

• Humans

• Herbivory

• Number of species

• Symbiosis (commensalism, mutualism, parasitism)

What Are Some Physical Factors That Affect Behavioral Ecology?

• Tides

• Waves

• Sunshine

• PH level

• Coriolis effect

• Salinity

• Density

What Do Behavioral Ecologists Do?

Study animal behavior

What Are The Types Of Adaptations?

• Morphological

• Behavioral

• Physiological

What Is Morphological Adaptation?

Structural, shape and size

What Is Behavioral Adaptation?

Actions and reactions

What Is Physiological Adaptation?

Functional, hormones and chemicals

What Are The Pros Of Adaptations?

• Increased survival

• Increased learning

• Decreased injury

What Are The Cons Of Adaptations?

• Decreased resources

• Decreased feeding

• Decreased reproduction

• Decreased territory

What Are Coelenterata (Cnidarians)

• The Jellies

• Asexual

• Two types (medusa & polyp)

• Sessile

What Are Nematocysts?

Stinging cells

What Are Hermaphrodites?

Where both sex organs are in one body

What Are The Types Of Cnidarians?

• Hydrozoans

• Scyphozoans

• Anthozoans

What Is The Biology Or Cnidarians?

• Extracellular- digestion is in the cells

• Lack a brain and true nerves

• Have primitive eyes (can somewhat see)

What Is Porifera?

• The sponges

• Aquatic

• Asymmetric

• Sessile

• Osculum

What Are Platyhelminthes?

• The flatworms

• Free-living

• Marine, aquatic, and parasitic

• Camouflage (countershading)

What Is Scistosomiasis?

An illness caused by dirty drinking water where a parasite enters the body through the skin of the foot

What Are The Types Of Worms?

• Platyhelminthes

• Nemertea

• Nematoda

• Annelida

• Pogonophora

• Sipuncula

• Chaetognatha

• Acanthocephala

How Many Types Of Worms Are There?

8

What Is Phylum Echinodermata?

Spiny Skinned

What Are The Classes Of Phylum Echinodermata?

• Crinoidea

• Asteroidea

• Echinoidea

• Holothuroidea

What Are The Classes Of Phylum Mollusca

• Bivalvia (shells)

• Cephalopoda (head-footed)

• Gastropoda (stomach-footed)

What Is Phylum Arthropoda?

• Main class- insecta

• Known for jointed appendages

• Have 3 body sections (head, thorax, abdomen)

What Is Phylum Chordata?

• Classified for having notochord, hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, endostyle, post-anal tail

• Consists of 3 groups, Tunicata, Cephalochordata, Craniata

What Are The Five Vertebrates?

• Fish

• Reptiles

• Amphibians

• Birds

• Mammals

How Many Different Vertebrata Species Are There?

57,674

What Percentage Of All Animal Species Do Invertebrates Make Up?

95%

When Did Vertebrates Originate?

525 million years ago in the Cambrian explosion

What Are Some Characteristics Of Fish?

• Aero dynamic

• Produce slime to move faster and glide through the water

What Is The Difference Between The Scales Of Sharks And The Scales Of Bony Fish?

Sharks scales run side by side whereas Bony fish’s scales overlap each other

How Do Fish Navigate?

• Use inner ears to smell

• use operculum for memory

Which Animal Has The Shortest Memory?

Bumble Bee

Which Animal Has The Longest Memory?

Dolphins

What Are Epipelagic Fish?

• Counter shading

• Schooling Behavior

• Seasonal reproduction

  Increases survival, mating, and catching prey

What Are Mesopelagic Fish?

• Dark

• Smaller

• Photophores (bioluminescence)

  Makes their own light to catch prey, get away from predators, and mating

What Is Viviparous Reproduction?

Young are born alive (humans)

What Is Oviparous Reproduction?

Egg layers (turtles)

What Is Ovoviviparous Reproduction?

Carry fertilized egg (egg stays in body until it hatches)

What Is The Fish Class Agnatha?

• Jawless fish

• Parasitic

• Inject fluids into host

• Only two groups left alive today, Hagfish and Lampreys

What Is The Fish Class Osteichthyes?

• Bony fish

• Gills are rough and exposed

What Is The Fish Class Chondrichthyes?

• Skeletons made of cartilage

• Gills are soft and covered

• Two subclasses, Elasmobranchii (sharks) and Holocephali

What Are The Reasons Why Marine Organisms Migrate?

• Survival

• Food

• Mating

What Are Reptiles?

• Characterized by breathing air “cold blooded”

• Skin covered in scales

• Inhabit every continent except Antarctica

• Living orders are Crocodilia, Sphenodontia, Squamata, Testudines

• Majority are egg layers

What Are Amphibians?

• Ectothermic

• Four limbs

• Most lay eggs in water

• Many species are threatened to extinction

• Never developed the ability to fulling live on land as they must lay their eggs in water.

What Are Birds?

• Class Aves

• Winged, bipedal (2 feet), warm blooded, egg layers

• Social

• There are around 10,000 living species but 1,200 species are threatened with extinction

• Ancestor is Archaeopteryx

• Most birds can fly but not all of them

What Is Class Mammalia?

• Order Primates (apes, monkeys)

• Give birth to live young

• 5,800 species

What Are The Main Groups Of Class Mammalia?

• Monotreme - lay eggs

• Marsupial - give live birth to underdeveloped young

• Placental - give birth to live young

What Are The Subclasses Of Class Mammalia

Prototheria and Theria

What Are The Types Of Symbiosis?

• Commensalism

• Matulism

• Parisitism

Over Time, Adaptions Lead To Increased…

Fitness, survival, and reproduction

What Tool Is Used Indentift Species On A 2 Part Features Classification Guide?

Dichotomies key

What Are Porifera Skeletons Made Of?

Calcium carbonate, silica, or protein

What Are Jaweð Vertebrates Typified By?

Paired appendages