IME 319 Exam 2

HMI, HCI, HRI (human machine, computer, robot interaction)

- communication and interaction between human, machine, interface

- activities stages: intention, selection, execution, evaluation

4 types of dynamic info displayed

1. quantitative: exact number values

2. qualitative: approx value, trend, rate f change, change direction

3. check: parameters within normal (ie. "car needs gas", don't need exact val)

4. situation awareness: represent of physical space (can be used to predict status of elements in future)

Primary function of control...

- transmit control info to some device

- info can be discrete (specific controls) or continuous (speeding)

3 controls

- discrete

- continuous

- position

Improper identification of controls can have... on the system

disastrous effects

Control identification can be facilitated by:

- shape/ type coding

- texture coding

- size coding

- location coding (ie. windshield wipe (right) vs. blinker (left))

- operational coding (ie. windshield wiper: 1 tick = 1 time, 2 = faster, 3 = faster faster) MANY MISTAKES

- color coding

- label coding

When should you use operational coding only

If there are would be no major consequences

Control response ratio

ratio of the movement of the control to the movement of the system

- high control = move control A LOT for low movement

- low control = move control A LITTLE for high movement

Dead space

the amt of movement around the NULL position that results in no movement of the device being controlled (think old steering wheels)

Backlash

dead-space of a control at ANY control position (not just at null)

What are backlash and dead space?

Design issues (not intentional)

Ergonomics in the workplace

- cognitive (mental capacity)

- organizational (organizational structures, policies, processes)

- physical (physical activity and safety)

Policy, procedure, process

1. policy: umbrella term

2. procedure: steps how to do the process

3. process: like procedure but more detailed

Cognitive erg

- mental processes (perception, memory, reasoning, motor response)

Basic cog demands

- reading

- writing

- math

- supervisory

- computer skills

Complex cog demands

- analyzing

- memorization

- problem solving

- multi-tasking

- conflict

- planning

AI (artificial intelligence)

multidisciplinary system of systems which help humans become more productive and effective

Machine learning

human helps teach system

Deep learning

system teaches itself

5 Levels of AI

- manual

- AI assistance

- human as primary

- AI as primary

- Solo AI (human aware)

- Solo AI (non-visible) (not here yet!)

AI - Level 1

MANUAL: system doesn't adapt (must update manually)

AI - Level 2

AI ASSIST: system THEN human (suggestion)

AI - Level 3

HUMAN PRIMARY: AI makes own decisions (based on info), human can adjust

AI - Level 4

AI PRIMARY: all AI system, human is just aware

AI - Level 5

SOLO AI: future, all AI

WHat is human-machine/ AI teaching

- adaptive

- bi-directional

- among humans and machines

- augments human capabilities

- improved mission outcomes

Spectrum of partnerships... nature of teamwork can vary (3 of them)

- task can be performed w or w out teaming

- division of labor can be coordinated

- collab can be a/synchronous, non/distributed, ot have un/equal contributions

- human or AI working alone

- coordinated division of labor

- sync collab

Calibrated trust

- users understand strengths and weaknesses of AI so they will trust it appropriately and use it more effectively

- trust changed based on a point

Calibrated points

- the POINT where the trust changed (ie. trust during but not at night)

AI being a tool or teammate is a...

spectrum!

HMT/ HAT overall goal (human machine/ ai teaming)

ensure machine partners are

- predictable, enhancing human situational understanding and decision making to SHORTEN DECISION TIMELINES

- achieve mission outcomes and avoid technology rejection