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vitalism
Mind/body seen as energy systems
Freud’s mental energy fundamentals
1. limited amount of energy
2 energy paths can be blocked
limited amount of energy
if used for 1 purpose, less available for others
self discipline +stress=limited energy
HALT→bad decisions (emotions > executive functioning)
energy paths can be blocked
if a path is blocked, energy is expressed differently
(fear of intimacy blocking sexual desire)
energy might be delivered through anger
instinctual drives
mind runs on basic, inborn drives
these drives push on the system like internal pressure → cause thoughts, emotions and behaviors (causal and unconscious).
Goal of the Mind
reach homeostasis - calm, satisfaction
Bruer’s discovery
talking to patients about their fears, worries in the past to relieve neurological symptoms
Freud’s interpretation
Pushing away scary thoughts redirects mental energy and can cause nerve-related symptoms.
Catharsis
un-repressing thoughts
Talk → release → relief (feelings and sensation come back).
the Pleasure principle
the true humans’ nature is to satisfy pleasure and avoid pain
the reality principle
learnt through dev
The mind’s “do this, don’t do that” voice.
delay or adjust desires to fit real-life limits.
friction
not following instincts
constant tension
life is a constant tension between pleasure and the pain of reality
Tension/anxiety can only be reduced
agressive drive
Not just violence; includes positive self-interest, esteem, assertiveness, inspiration, resilience, reproductive efforts.
too high-narcissism
too low-demoralisationw
sexual/pleasure drive
happiness, long-term satisfaction, balance/moderation
too high- short-term pleasure even when it ignores reality
too low-anhedonia (lack of pleasure/joy)
conscious level
thoughs we are aware of
preconscious level
we could easily become aware if we attended to them
unconscious level
unaware thoughts
psychoanalitic unconsc
Focus on wants, desires, motivations; deep, dark, illogical, irrational.
cognitive unconsc
mental processes run automatically without entering awareness.
non motivated function, focused on thoughts
dream interpretation methods
whole - dream content as a whole, to capture overall meaning
parts - cipher method, secret code where every sign is translated as another sign
manifest content
Storyline of the dream (descriptive)
latent content
unconscious ideas, emotions, drives
psychodynamic structure
Id unconsc
super ego (uncosc+consc)
ego (uncosc+consc)
Id
original source of all drive energy
seeks to release tension
pleasure principle
non moral, not aware of reality
superego
moral rules
control beh rewarding good beh/punishing bad beh
seeks perfection
ego
seeks to express and satisfy the id
reality principle
life instinct
libido
death instinct
decomposition
defence mechanisms
1. projection
2 repression
3 displacement
4 interllectualization
5 rationalization
6 reaction formation
7 regression
8 sublimation
9 suppression
projection
negative about ourselves are projected onto others
repression
keeps painful or threatening thoughts and feelings out of conscious awareness.
displacement
impulses to a less theatening target
intellectualization
avoid unacceptable emotions
reaction formation
opposite belief
regression
return to previous st of dev
sublimation
impulse to a soc acceptable way
suppression
pushing into unconsc
psycho-sexual st
1. oral (0-1y) mouth
2 anal (1-3y) bowel and bladder
3 phallic (3-6y) genitals
primary process
id
illogical
pleasure principle
thinking is unconscious
secondary process
ego
thinking in conscious
meta cognition
experimental thinking
similar to primary
primitive nonverbal communication; emotional
similar to id
rational thinking
similar to secondary
meta cognitive
ego+superego