Untitled Flashcards Set

Overweight

Having a body weight above the standard weight range for a given height. BMI: 25–29.9.

Obesity

Excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. BMI: 30 or higher.

Morbid Obesity

Having a BMI of 40 or more or being 100 pounds or more over the ideal weight.

Healthy Weight

A weight that promotes overall health, reduces the risk of chronic diseases, and is sustainable through balanced diet and physical activity.

Body Mass Index (BMI) formula

Weight (kg) ÷ Height (m²).

Underweight

BMI category for a weight less than 18.5.

Normal weight

BMI category for a weight between 18.5 and 24.9.

Obese

BMI category for a weight of 30 or higher.

Skinfold Measurements

A method using calipers to measure fat under the skin.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

Method that measures body fat using electrical currents.

DEXA Scan

Dual-energy X-ray for assessing fat, bone, and lean tissue.

Hydrostatic Weighing

Method that measures body density underwater.

Bod Pod

Air displacement plethysmography used to measure fat percentage.

Apple Shape (Android)

Fat pattern with fat stored in the abdomen, associated with higher risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Pear Shape (Gynoid)

Fat pattern with fat stored in hips and thighs, generally with a lower health risk.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Energy used at rest, approximately 60–75% of total energy expenditure.

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Energy used for digestion, about 10% of total energy expenditure.

Physical Activity

Energy used for movement and exercise, varying from 15–30%.

Type 1 Diabetes

An autoimmune disease where the body does not produce insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes

Condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin, often linked to obesity.

Metabolic Syndrome Characteristics

Includes central obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, high blood pressure, and elevated fasting blood glucose.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells for energy.

Normal Blood Pressure

Less than 120/80 mmHg.

Stage I Hypertension

Blood pressure between 130–139/80–89 mmHg.

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

A marker of inflammation associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.

DASH diet

Dietary strategy to lower blood pressure, emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Vitamin C

A water-soluble vitamin essential for immune function.

Vitamin A

A fat-soluble vitamin important for vision and skin health.

Calcium

Mineral important for bone and teeth strength.

Iron

Mineral essential for oxygen transport in blood.

Potassium

Mineral important for muscle function and blood pressure regulation.