Unit 05 APHUG

Agriculture

The science and practice of cultivating plants and rearing livestock for various purposes.

Seed Agriculture

Focuses on producing and selecting seeds for optimal crop yields.

Horticulture

Involves growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants.

Brahman Cattle

Heat-resistant breed adapted to tropical climates.

Growing Areas

Regions suitable for specific crops or livestock due to climate and soil.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Old and New Worlds.

Seed Drill

Mechanical device for precise seed planting, enhancing efficiency.

Cotton Gin

Machine separating cotton fibers from seeds, revolutionizing processing.

Reaper

Agricultural machine for efficient grain crop cutting during harvest.

Scientific Horticulture

Applying scientific principles to optimize plant growth.

“Dwarf Varieties”

Plants bred with shorter stems for easier management.

Ammonium Nitrate

Fertilizer providing essential nitrogen for plant growth.

“Green Revolution”

Mid-20th-century agricultural advancements for increased food production.

Vertical Integration

Company control over multiple production stages.

Secondary Economic Activity

Processing raw materials into finished goods.

Tertiary Economic Activity

Providing services to other economic sectors.

“Agribusiness”

Large-scale, profit-driven agriculture with vertical integration.

Genetic Engineering

Manipulating genes for improved crop traits.

“Factory Farming”

Intensive livestock production for high output.

rGBH

Synthetic hormone to increase milk production in cows.

“Downer Cattle”

Cows unable to stand due to health issues in factory farms.

Irrigation

Artificial water application for crop growth, crucial in arid areas.

Primary Economy

Dominant economic activity based on means of production.

Staple Crops

Primary food sources like wheat, rice, or corn.

Animal Husbandry

Rearing and breeding animals for various products.

Intensive Agriculture

High-input farming for maximum yields on smaller areas.

Extensive Agriculture

Low-input farming on larger land areas.

Subsistence Farming

Farming for self-consumption with little surplus.

Monoculture Cultivation

Growing a single crop species in large areas.

General Farming

Diversified farming with crops and livestock.

Kimchi

Fermented Korean side dish with cabbage and vegetables.

Fermentation

Process breaking down organic matter for preservation.

Cash Cropping

Growing crops for sale rather than consumption.

Plantations

Large estates focused on single cash crops.

Human Ecology

Study of human-environment relationships.

Food Web

Network of interconnected organisms transferring energy.

Crop Rotation

Planting different crops for soil fertility and pest control.

Nitrogen

Essential element for plant growth often added through fertilizers.

Multicropping

Growing multiple crops simultaneously.

Double Cropping

Growing two crops in the same field in one season.