UCSP module 3

Biological Similarities .

this means that all people in the world have the

same biological needs, namely food, clothing, shelter and health care.

Necessary Pre-requisites for Social Being

- society must fulfill some

requirements in order to function, such as replacing members, teaching new

members to participate and the need to have participation in production and

distribution

Psychic Unity of Mankind

- all human beings are alike in having similar

ranges of emotion - the need for love, security and language

Geographical Environment

- is characterized

by certain limitations such as limited food, limited source of energy, and

other delimiting factors of the people’s environment.

cultural diversity

Every society in the world is unique from one another. Everyone has

his/her own cultural practices, values and interests. Each culture has its distinct

features and characteristics. This is socially called

culture

is a social construct that is sometimes used interchangeably with

society. Though these concepts are interrelated and interdependent since the

absence of one is also the absence of the other, the two are not the same.

society

is a group of people bound together in a more or less permanent

association organized for collective activity. Moreover, it is made up of interacting

individuals, using shared cultures

Horton and Hunt

define society as a relatively independent, self-perpetuating group of human beings who occupy a territory,

share a culture and have the most with their associations within this group.

culture, society

_____ is a system of shared behavior while a ______ is a group of people

who share a common culture. For instance, Filipinos are known for being

hospitable, a characteristic collective attributed to the Filipino people.

subculture

may be defined as a modified

culture within a larger culture

practice by a society

-is an ethnic, regional, economic or

social group exhibiting

characteristics patterns of

behavior sufficient to distinguish

it from others within an embracing

culture or society.

counterculture

is a culture with values and

mores that run counter to those

of established society

cultural integration

occurs when cultural traits are logically consistent

with one another, or simply neutral to another.

ideal culture

• It includes the values and norms that

a culture claims to have.

• It involves an idealized,

uncompromising value system that

dictates perfect behavior.

• Using ideal culture as a standard,

you are either right or wrong. Rules

are black and white, with no gray

areas and no exceptions.

Real culture

It includes the values and norms

that are actually followed by a

culture.

It involves an adaptable value

system that is used mostly as a set

of guidelines for preferred behavior.

Right and wrong are separated, but

exceptions exist for pretty much

everything.

acculturation

, the process of change in artifacts, customs, and beliefs that

result from the contact of two or more cultures. The term is also used to refer to

the results of such changes.

incorporation

It refers to the free borrowing and

modification of cultural elements

and occurs when people of

different cultures maintain

contact as well as political and

social self-determination.

directed change

It occurs when one group

establishes dominance over

another through military conquest

or political control; thus,

imperialism is the most common

precursor to directed change.

assimilation

Assimilation is a foreign culture which does not necessarily make you

disloyal or less nationalistic to your home country. As a universal being or as

global citizen as we call it now, we are and we must be open to cultures different

from ours and be interactive to any people in as much all of us are citizens of the

world.

Amalgamation

of different cultures in the globalized worldview all lumped

together paving the way for redefining Filipino cultural identity. How to preserve

one’s cultural heritage amidst globalization is now a challenge posed to each and

every one of us.

cultural universal

More often than not, culture varies from one society to another. However,

it is essential to note that all cultures share patterns or traits that are quite

common to all societies across the globe. This is commonly referred to as

Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism basically pertains to the belief that one’s native culture is

superior to or the most natural among other cultures

ethnocentric person

sees and weighs another culture based upon the values and standards of his/her

own

American social scientist William

Sumner in 1906

The word “ethnocentrism” was coined by _______to provide a technical term for viewing one’s ethnicity (ethno) in

the center of all cultures (centrism).

cultural imperialism

There are even cases where a person imposes his/her own culture upon

another person with intentions to help him/her detach from what the former

thinks is an essentially inferior culture. This approach is known as _____ or to deliberate imposition of one’s cultural belief on another

culture. A perfect example of such is one motive of the Spaniards in colonizing

the Philippines.

culture shock

He/she may find it difficult to adapt to the new

cultures and may feel severe confusion and disturbance. happens

when a person does not expect or accept cultural differences

Xenocentrism

has an opposite relative or the belief that one culture is

inferior to another

xenocentric person

usually has a high regard for other

cultures but disdains his/her own or is embarrassed by it.

cultural relativism

To avoid highlighting personal biases and assumptions in studying culture,

sociologists have endeavored to review other cultures as neither inferior nor

superior. This method is rooted in the idea of cultural relativism, or the practice

of viewing another culture by its own context rather than assessing it based on

the standards of one’s own culture.

Cultural relativism

requires an open mind and enthusiasm to adapt to new

culture