CNA Final Exam

ways to prevent spread of infection

• wash hands

• PPE

• cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing

importance of hygiene

prevent infections

6 links of the chain of infection

• cause of agent

• reservoir 

• portal of exit

• mode of transmission

• portal of entry

• susceptible host

identify the following arteries and their purpose

• brachial - BP

• carotid (neck) - check to see if someones alive and if they need CPR

• radial - pulse

• temporal - temperature

define pain

its whatever the patient says it is

equipment needed when providing care for a resident on contact precautions

gloves and gown

define abuse

willful infliction of harm, results in physical harm

define false imprisonment

unlaw restraint or restricting a pt

define negligence

failure to act or give proper care, resulting in injury

define assault

act of threatening or attempting to touch w/o consent

define battery

touching w/o consent

define malpractice

giving care outside your scope of practice

define slander

words that damage a persons repuation

OBRA is what and does what

omnibus budget reconciliation act, improves the care inside of a nursing home 

explain residents rights

treat with respect, dignity, privacy, and free of neglect

subjective data is

information that the resident tells you

ex: chest pain

objective data is

information we can get with our senses

ex: physical assesment, or VS

what's the most accurate place to check for temp

rectal

what would be a reason a residents care plan says no BP in left arm

• IV

• injury

whats the residents bill of rights

treat with dignity, respect, and free from harm

how do you check a temporal temp

scan temporal artery

what is diastolic and systolic

• diastolic - resting phase of heart, bottom #

• systolic - working phase of heart, top #

what are some reasons a residents may become dehydrated

• dysphagia

• not drinking enough fluid

• fluid restriction

1 ounce =

30 mL

risk factors that could lead to pressure ulcer

• malnutrition 

• bed-bound

• NA not turning pt every 2 hrs

pressure ulcers mainly occur over

boney prominences

ways to prevent pressure ulcers

• turn q2h

• ROM

• good nutrition

• good skin assessment (easier to prevent than get rid of)

abbreviation for ambulation

amb.

RACE is for and means

fire

• remove residents

• activate alarm

• contain fire

• extinguish fire

PASS is for and means

fire extinguisher

• pull pin

• aim at base of fire

• squeeze 

• sweep back n forth

alternative restraints

• bed or chair alarm

• safety sitter

• distraction

ex of assitive/ adaptive devices

• weighted sppons

• cuved spoons

• cane

• walkers

what is the most important step for providing perineal care for a female

clean front to back with different part of cloth

BEFAST is for and what does it mean

stroke

• b: balance

• e: eyes

• f: face

• a: arm and legs

• s: speech

• t: time to call 911

when would you use log roll method

when patient has had back or hip surgery

stages of greif

• denial

• anger

• bargaining 

• depression

• acceptance

correct PPE you should wear for contact, droplet, airborne, and enteric isolation

• contact - gown & gloves

• droplet - gown, glove, & mask

• airborne - gown, glove, respirator mask 

• enteric - gown, glove, wash ur hands after, hand sanitizer will not work

define delegation

to entrust a task or responsibility to a qualified person

define empathy

understanding someones POV

define dignity

quality of being worthy of honor or respect

what are advance directives

documents that outline your wishes for medical care if you become unable to make decisions for yourself 

• DNR

• resuscitation

define cyanosis

blue color skin, inadequate oxygen

2 important websites that CNA must know

• NC NA Registry (want to be on)

• NC Health Care Personnel Registry (don't want to be on)

ex of harmful germs

bacteria and parasites

point where most weight is concentrated

center of gravity

what is hazard and what're exs

anything causing danger

• fire

• clutter

• falling

when cells combine and perform a special function they form

tissues

when tissues are combined and perform a special function they form

organs

when organs combine and continue a specific function they form an

system

urine is made up of

water, electrolytes, and waste/toxins

mscale atrophy means that muscle mass

decreases

a progressive nervous disease due to destruction of brain cells

Parkinson disease

upper GI includes

• mouth

• pharynx

• esophagus

• stomach

define gastroenteritis

intestinal infection, marked by cramps, nausea, and vomitting

ways the skin changes with aging

• decrease in fat/ collagen

• decrease elastic

• wrinkles

• thinner/fragile skin

• hair thins

• nails shorten

function of endocrine system

• secrete chemicals

• regulates B and metabolism

• releases hormone

• ability to reproduce

4 principles of body mechanics

• alignment

• base of support

• center of gravity

• bending of knees

the brain is located where and is made up of what

cranial

• cerebrum

• cerebellum

• brain ste

changes in the brain due to aging

• decrease in brain size

• memory changes

• decrease in hearing

• vascular changes

• slower reflexes

define dyspnea

shortness of breath of difficulty breathing

apnea

where breathing stops

CNA certification

• renewed every 2 years

• workEd under supervision

• atleast 8 hrs of paid work

range for BP

• systolic 90-119

• diastolic 60-79

range for HR

60-100 bpm

rate for RR

12-20

factors that affect a persons BP

• age

• race

• illnes

• time of day

range for oral temp

97.6-99.6

range for rectal temp

98.6-100.6

range for tympanic temp

97.6-99.6

range for temporal temp

97.6-99.6

the amount of heat the body produces is called

body temp

define edema and when does it occur

when tissues swells

define pacing

adjusting to how fast or slow your residents do somethng

exercise a joint

smoothy and slowly

hypertension BP

and hypotension BP

hyper - above 130/80

hypo - below 90/60

restorative care

care provided after the residents highest possible functioning is restored through rehabilitation 

rehabilitation

restoration of a residents highest possible functioning following illness or injury

when cleaning catheter clean

4 inches

what kind of footwear does a resident need

nonskid shoes

what to do when serving a resident the wrong tray

notify the nurse

how to assist a stroke pt with meals

• place food in stronger side of mouth

• make sure they swallow

define dehydration and what to do when resident is at risk

when fluid intake is less than fluid output

• observe and report signs or symptoms

define care plan

a written document that outlines the specific healthcare and support needs of an individual

when to use an incident report

• resident falls

• tells or shows fear of signs of harm

• a mistake is made when providing care

• something is missing or broken

• NA feels unsafe

• inappropriate actions

• angry outburst

a group of individuals related by blood, marriage, or a feeling of closeness

family

care when a person has less than 6 months left to live and is to maintain comfort

hospice

military time for pm starts at what number and ends at what

starts at 1300 and ends at 2400