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19 Terms
1
enthalpy H
the chemical potential energy in a substance
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2
thermochemistry
the study of energy and chemical reactions
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3
energy
the ability to do work
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4
chemical potential energy
the energy stored inside chemicals. The chemical reaction absorbs the energy (endothermic)
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5
exothermic reaction
the chemical reaction where energy is released to the surroundings (hotter)(enthalpy change -) (energy on product side)
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6
endothermic reaction
the chemical reaction where energy is absorbed from the surroundings (colder)(Enthalpy change +)(energy on reactant side)
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7
Bond energy
the amount of energy that is required to break a bond or the energy that is released when a bond is formed. Depends on the strength of the bond or attraction between atoms.
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8
heat
the transfer of thermal kinetic energy through particle collisions
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9
kinetic molecular energy
every material thing is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion
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10
thermal kinetic energy
every substance has some energy due to particle motion. Measured by temperature
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11
temperature
a measure of the movements of particles
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12
enthalpy change
the energy released to or absorbed from the surroundings during a chemical or physical change
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13
thermochemical equation
a chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change for the reaction
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14
activation energy
Energy required to start a chemical reaction
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15
calorimetry
a way scientists determine the thermochemical equation for a reaction
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16
specific heat
the amount of energy that is required to raise the temperature of one gram substance by 1-degree Celsius
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17
Hess's law
allows one to determine unknown thermochemical equations by using known thermochemical equations
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18
Energy is _______ when bonds are broken, and energy is ______ when bonds are formed
required, released
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19
Breaking a chemical bond ______ energy and forming a chemical bond ______ energy
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