Personality

personality

one’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Freud

father of psychoanalysis - saw WW1 patients and believed symptoms were due to unconscious mind

Model of the Mind

inborn in humans; consciousness, preconsciousness (memories/ stored info), and unconscious - developed by Freud

Model of Mind Personality

personality is a result of war/tension between id-ego-superego structure

Id

devil; strives to satisfy basic sexual/aggressive tendencies

pleasure principle

the id

superego

angel; ideals and provides standards for judgement

voice of conscience

the superego

ego

middle ground; meets demands of id, superego, and reality (what you actually do)

reality principle

the ego

phychosexual stages

personality is a result of instinctual conflicts in childhood that may/may not be resolved

oral

age 0-1; mouth pleasure (chewing, sucking)

anal

age 1-3; bowel/bladder elimination - good to have body control

Pallic

age 3-6; develop genitals and superego develops which stops incestuous feelings once you identify family

Latency

6- puberty; inhibiting sexual drives with other avenues (sports, academics, etc)

Genital

puberty +: maturation of sexual interests

Fixation

lingering on a pleasure focus due to unresolved conflicts

• ex. oral - child who had difficulty stop nursing is smoking as adult

anal retentive

is now perfectionist because held in when potty training

anal expulsive

messier adult bc did not hold in when potty training

Defense Mechanisms

Freud; Ego becomes overwhelmed with anxiety by unconscious threats so resorts to these

Displacement

shifting unacceptable anger from threatening people to less threatening people

• school bullies hurt others because dominant parents hurt them

Rationalization

providing reasons for inappropriate behaviors/ unconscious excuses

• everyone else cheated, so it’s okay I did it

Reaction Formation

acting exactly opposite to real feelings

• you act unfriendly to your crush

Regression

retreating to earlier levels of development

• stomping your foot when don’t get coffee

Repression

unconscious forgetting

• cannot recall your family members funeral at all

Denial

refusing to accept unpleasant event

• arrested multiple times for DWIs, but insist no alcohol problem

Projection

attributing to others

• super messy, so complain about how messy family is

Sublimation

redirection of impulses into more socially accepted behaviors

• use intense anger in sports

Carl Jung

believed personality is shaped by all experience sin life and evolutionary past

• from social childhood conflicts - most agree correct

• studied culture and symbols and impacts

The psyche

your whole personality (according to Jung)

personal unconscious

makes up psyche; storehouse of memories, instincts, and urges

collective unconscious

makes up psyche; the influential area that contains ideas all people have inherited from our ancestors over evolution (contains archetypes)

archetypes

common themes found in all religions, cultures, and literature that predispose personalities

• creator, caregiver, ruler, jester, regual guy/gal, lover, hero, outlaw, magician, innocent, explorer, sage

Alfred Aider

experienced childhood inferiority and later has a desire for power

Karen Horney

experienced childhood helplessness and had a later desire for love/security

Free association

Freud’s technique for assessing the unconscious; the patient relaxes and talks about what comes to mind

Projective tests

a way to assess unconscious; provide ambiguous stimuli to trigger unconscious thoughts

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

type of projective test; show images and the subject creates a story from them

Rorscach Inkblot Test

type of projective test; present cards with inkblots/ unclear figures and the subject creates an image from it