Test 2 - Reading / Research - Varner

A 3x2 factorial design

Audrey examines students' learning of science principles from interactive games. She randomly assigns the fifth grade students in her study to a control condition with no play time, a timed play condition, or an unlimited time play condition. She also groups her students into either high or low ability groups. She measures her students with a knowledge pretest, a post-test, and a delayed post-test.
Which of the following best represents Audrey's study design?

Ability

Audrey examines students' learning of science principles from interactive games. She randomly assigns the fifth grade students in her study to a control condition with no play time, a timed play condition, or an unlimited time play condition. She also groups her students into either high or low ability groups. She measures her students with a knowledge pretest, a post-test, and a delayed post-test.
Which of the following is an independent variable in Audrey's study?

T-test

Chloe concluded that there were differences in achievement goals between those who had completed a ropes course and those who did not complete the course. However, there were no true differences between groups. The ropes course had no significant effect on achievement goals?
To determine if there were significant differences between groups, Chole would have conducted which of the following analyses?

He randomly assigned in-tact groups not students

Consider the example of Cyr, a researcher who studies the role of worked examples in engineering education. He measures students test performance and ratings of their instructors. He randomly assigns classes to condition. In some classes worked examples are shown, some where no worked examples are used, and a third set of classes in which students have access to worked examples if they elect to look at them.
Cyr argues that his research is experimental. However, you know better given the following reason.

Worked example exposure

Consider the example of Cyr, a researcher who studies the role of worked examples in engineering education. He measures students test performance and ratings of their instructors. He randomly assigns classes to condition. In some classes worked examples are shown, some where no worked examples are used, and a third set of classes in which students have access to worked examples if they elect to look at them.
The independent variable in Cyr's research is

Participation Rate

Consider the following scenario as you answer these questions.
Nala wants to determine if providing awards for science fair winners increases or decreases participation by average students. She thinks that by promoting science as a competition some children may decide not to participate. To address this question, Nala assigns schools in her district to two types, awarding or non-awarding schools and compares the participation rate of students in her two groups.
Given Nala's study, what is the dependent variable?

the more community service one performs the less likely one is to use drugs.

For each, consider the information the correlation provides.
Kenji reported a correlation of -.85 between hours spent in community service and adolescent drug use. This finding suggests that

Monica has calculated the correlation incorrectly because 3.4 is not a possible correlation coefficient

For each, consider the information the correlation provides.
Monica, on the other hand, reported a correlation of 3.4 between community service and interest in helping professions among adolescents. This finding suggests that

Reading Instruction

Gavin's study compared reading error rates and reading comprehension scores between two groups of 50 third-grade students that received different reading programs. His t-test data analysis did not indicate any differences between the two types of instruction.
The treatment variable in Gavin's study is

Nonequivalent groups control group design

Given the following notation, which design is illustrated?
O X1 O
O X2 O

32

Given the following scores on a midterm exam 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80,76, 78,94,94,90,84,86,88,87,92,96,74,93, find the best answer to the following questions.
What is the range?

90

Given the following scores on a midterm exam 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80,76, 78,94,94,90,84,86,88,87,92,96,74,93, find the best answer to the following questions.
What is the mode?

Driver's Test

In his study of effectiveness of driver's education programs, Cameron administers a practice items from a drivers' test. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two treatments, either a tutorial that narrates content, or an equivalent amount of time to practice items with feedback. After the treatment, Cameron again assesses students' knowledge with a drivers' test. He set his alpha at p=.05, and reported that significant differences indicated that those in the practice with feedback condition outperformed those in the tutorial condition.
Which of the following is the dependent variable in Cameron's study?

Pretest-posttest control group design

Jack wants to test if runners on his cross-country team improve with his new training regimen. He takes their times at the beginning of the season and again at the end of the season.
Which of the following designs is Jack best illustrating?

The differences in mathematics learning outcomes between students enrolled in traditional and cyber learning.

Of the following, which best describes a causal-comparative study?

the mean group performance

Saud concluded that there were no differences in reading ability between those who were exposed to parent read aloud and those who were exposed to sibling read aloud. There were, in fact, no actual differences in reading ability.
To calculate his t-test to compare groups, Saud needed to determine his degrees of freedom. To do so he will need to know not only that he has two groups but also he will need to know which of the following pieces of information?

Post-test only control group design

Use the follow scenario to answer these questions.
Archimedes read about a study that found that soft music during stressful events was soothing for many workers. He thinks that test taking is stressful for many learners and wants to conduct an experiment to determine if music playing during testing assists in student test performance. Therefore, he randomly assigns all of the introductory biology classes into one of three groups. One group that tests as usual without music, one group that listens to soft music during the test, and the final group that listens to a CD with the latest pop music tracks playing.
Which of the following designs best represents Archimedes' study?

reading ability is strongly related to math grades.

For each question, consider the information the correlation provides.
Suzanne reported a correlation between reading ability and math grades of r= .90 in the first grade. This correlation indicates that in Suzanne's study

both interval and ratio

A Pearson r correlation is best used for data that is

two levels of independent variable and one dependent variable

A causal-comparative study requires at least

a cross-sectional study of the full population

A census is

the level of measurement is nominal

A non-parametric test should be used if

the variance in scores is small.

A small deviation indicates that

two variables are inversely related

A strong negative correlation coefficient indicates that

The purpose of the study

According to your text which of the following should be included in the cover letter?

provide in-depth data

An advantage of the interview over questionnaires is that they

researcher to assist in standardizing the interview

An interview guide's primary purpose is to provide information to the

ANCOVA

Andy compared students' ability to transfer learning from three different Types of instructional materials. He found that there were pre-existing group differences between his conditions. Which of the following is the appropriate analysis technique for Andy to use?

Spearman Rho

Anne has two ordinal-level variables in a data set. Which of the following should she use to calculate a correlation between these two variables?

sampling erro increases

As standard error of the mean increases

Statistics.

Both the mean and the standard deviation are examples of which of the following?

examine differences between groups.

Causal-comparative and experimental research both

provides evidence concerning cause-effect relationships.

Compared to all other types of research, experimental research

examine relationships among variables

Correlational studies are used primarily to

Chi-Square

Diana examines violence prevention programs. She is interested in the differences in number of referrals for violent behavior between two schools. One school has implemented a violence prevention program and the other has not. Diana is likely to use which of the following statistical procedures to analyze her data?

causal-comparative

Ex post facto research is a term generally used to describe ________ research.

central tendency

Francis wants to present the average mathematics score attained by the participants in her study. She needs to report a measure of

Mode

Garrett did a survey to determine the favorite sport of fourth grade children in Williamstown. Which of the following is the appropriate measure of central tendency for his data?

18

Given the following distribution-24,19,15,18,16,24,17-the score that best represents the median is

64%

Li sent out a survey and received an initial response rate of 44%. If her study follows typical response patterns from the literature, what can she expect her response rate to be after a second mailing?