"The American Yawp" (ch. 1) Reading Notes- US History H [Ardoin]

__________________ called the Americas "The New World".

Europeans

____________ ties knit the Native Americans communities together.

Kinship

What began one of the most consequential developments in all of human history and the first chapter in the long American Yawp?

the arrival of the Europeans and the resulting global exchange of people, animals, plants, and microbes

Native Americans passed ____________ down.

stories

According to the Lenape tradition, the earth was made when ________________________ fell into a watery world, landed safely on a turtle's back, creating Turtle Island or ___________________.

Sky Women; North America

A land bridge connected Asia and North America across the ___________________.

Bering Strait

Evidence illustrates a great deal of _______________, with numerous different groups settling and migrating over thousands of years.

diversity

Rich and diverse _________ fueled massive population growth across the continent.

diets

Mesoamericans in modern-day Mexico and Central America relied upon domesticated ________ to develop the hemisphere's first settled population around 1200 BC.

maize/corn

In the Eastern Woodlands, what three crops were known as the "Three Sisters"?

corn, beans, and squash

Typically in Woodland communities, women practiced ______________ while men ____________ and _____________.

agriculture; hunted; fished

Societies transitioning to _____________________ experienced weaker bones and teeth.

agriculture

Many Native cultures understood ancestry as ____________________.

matrilineal

True or False:

Women often chose their husbands.

true

Native Americans used ___________________________ to record medical treatments, recipes, songs, stories, and more.

birch-bark scrolls

Sophisticated agricultural practices, extensive trading networks, and even the domestication of animals like turkeys allowed the _______________________ to swell.

population

The Puebloan people of Chaco Canyon faced several _________________ challenges, which ultimately cause this community to collapse.

ecological

No American city, in fact, would match _________________ peak population levels until after the American Revolution.

Cahokia's

Native American slavery was not based not on holding people as property. Instead, Native Americans understood slaves as people who lacked _____________ networks.

kinship

______________ and ___________________ became an important way that many Native communities regrew and gained or maintained power.

Slavery; captive trading

Around the year 1050, Cahokia experienced a "_______________" or "a virtually instantaneous and persuasive shift in all things political, social, and ideological.

big bang

_______________ became a key trading center.

Cahokia

In the Eastern Woodlands, many Native American societies lived in smaller dispersed communities in order to take advantage of the _____________ and abundant rivers and streams.

rich soils

Lenape ______________ extended authority over marriages, households, agricultural production, and even may have played a significant part in determining the selection of leaders, called sachems.

women

Along with the "Three Sisters", Lenape women planted _________________, ______________, and ________________.

tobacco; sunflowers; gourds

The people of the region of the Pacific Northwest depended upon _______________ for survival. They also were abundant in __________________.

salmon; ceder trees

The ____________ were treated with spiritual respect and its image represented prosperity, life, and renewal.

fish

As news of the Spanish conquest spread, wealth-hungry Spaniards poured into the New World seeking __________, __________, and titles.

land; gold

The Spanish managed labor relations through a legal system known as the ______________________, an exploitive feudal arrangement in which Spain tied Indian laborers to vast estates.

encomienda

Spanish authorities banished the encomienda because of Spanish abuses, and replaced it with the ______________________.

repartimiento

True of false?

Maya civilization collapsed before European arrival.

true

What was the most powerful Native civilization ever seen in the Western Hemisphere? (also built the largest empire in the New World)

the Aztecs

Much of the Aztecs city was built on large artificial islands, called ___________________.

chinampas

____________________ organized an invasion of Mexico in 1519.

Hernan Cortes

Cortes captured the emperor Montezuma and used him to gain control of the Aztecs' __________ and ___________ reserves and its network of mines.

gold; silver

Very many died of _________________.

smallpox

_____________________ deceived Incan rulers and took control of the empire and seized the capital city, Cuzco, in 1533.

Francisco Pizzaro

True or false?

Indians always outnumbered the Spanish and the Spaniards.

true

An elaborate ___________ hierarchy marked Spanish life in the New World. The Sistema de Castas organized individuals into various racial groups based upon their supposed "_________________".

racial; purity of blood

What was the deadliest weapon in the European arsenal?

disease