Genetics, Genomics, and Disease
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32 Terms
Gene is unit of what
Heredity
Genetics is a term that applies to….
a single gene
Human genome contains what
25,000 genes
3.2 billion base pairs of DNA
Chromatin are…
DNA and proteins that form into chromosomes
We have how many chromosomes
46(23 pairs)
What is DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
4 diff monomeric units (nucleotides)
2 possible nucleotide pairings
What are the 2 possible nucleotide pairings in DNA
A-T (adenine and thymine)
C-G (cytosine and guanine)
arranged in three (codon)- amino acid
What is protein synthesis and what are the 2 steps
Turn DNA to functional proteins (enzymes)
1st Transcription (copy)
2nd Translation (instruction communicated)
What is Mitosis
Dividing of non germ cells
What is meiosis
division of germ cells
What are the characteristics of Gene Expression
Induction: the start of the gene expression
repression: suppressing that gene
Transcript factors: tiny proteins that are responsible to induct the genes
What is Genotype
a persons genetic material
What is phenotype
a persons physical characteristics
no 2 people what…
have the same genotype or phenotype
What is penetrance
the ability for a gene to express its function
what is locus
location of a gene on a dna helix (structure)
What are alleles
alternate versions of a specific gene
What is monogenic/mendelian
a single gene
What is polygenic
multiple genes (height)
what is pedigree
graphical representation of a trait throughout a family
What is homozygous
same gene inherited from parents
What is dominant vs Recessive
dominant: brown eyes
recessive: only when 2 copies are present (blue eyes)
What is Genetic mapping
diff. maps linking genes
what is haplotype mapping
clusters of DNA
what is Recombinant DNA technology
clusters put together to create something else
what is gene therapy
combining DNA to change something (seedless watermelon) so they are less susceptible to disease
What is gene mutation
permanent change
When do genetic disorders happen
during cell divisions
what is down syndrome
extra copy of chromosome 21
what is turner syndrome
females- X chromosome absent
what are teratogenic agents
abnormal fetal dev. (alc, smoking)
what is amniocentesis
sampling of embryonic fluid