Agriculture Ex 1

What year did journalists, landowners, and agricultural enthusiasts from Europe believed science could boost English farming to meet the needs of a growing population

1838

HRH Queen Victoria granted the Royal Agricultural Society of England (RASE) its Royal Charter.

1840

The Royal Agricultural Improvement Society (RAIS) of Ireland was established, modeled on the structure and purpose of Britain's Royal Agricultural Society. RAIS was created "to foster the creation of local agricultural societies and to act as a central organizations for them

1841

Used clay, contained advice on Irrigation and pest control, first example of agricultural extension

Mesopotamia

Use of hieroglyphs

• offered guidance on preventing crop damage and flood-related losses from the Nile river.

Ancient Egypt

Latin texts documented practical farming experiences to aid landowners

Ancient Greece, Phoenicia, and Rome

Agricultural research and extension were established

• The Han manual Fan Shengzhi Shu recommended pig manure as a valuable fertilizer

China: • Han Dynasty

Qimin Yaoshu (Essential Techniques for the Peasantry) dating from 535 A.D. is a 10 volume book written by Jia Sixie. showed landowners how to improve their estate management through the information and guidance they gave to their tenants.

Northern and Southern dynasties

Local governments promoted agricultural research and extension Used woodblock printing for wide distribution of manuals.

Sung & Yuan Dynasties

Continued organized extension work, driven by population growth, famine threats, and state recognition of coordinated agricultural advice Historical Antecedents of Agricultural

Ming & Chiing Dynasties

The potato blight caused the Great Famine in Ireland

1845 to 1852

The newly appointed British Viceroy to Ireland, the Earl of Clarendon, encouraged the Royal Agricultural Improvement Society (RAIS) to deploy itinerant lecturers to travel through impoverished districts and teach small farmers.

(1) how to improve cultivation and (2) grow nutritious root crops beyond potatoes

1847

Württemberg, Hesse, and western Prussia began appointing itinerant agricultural teachers (Wanderlehrer)

• The development of this system was influenced by the crisis among vine growers resulting from the devastation caused by phylloxera aphid infestations The German Wanderlehrer spread to Denmark from 1870, and to the Netherlands, where agricultural societies appointed a few wandelleraren in the late 1840s and 1850s.

1840s to 1870s

The Cambridge University in England had first introduced "Extension Education"

1873

University of London followed at what year?

1876

University of Oxford followed at what year?

1878

France established first national fully state-funded agricultural service. Professeur Departmenal d’Agriculture

1879

he system had become well-established and evolved into what became known as the Extension Movement, marking the institutionalization of extension as a formal function within universities.

• Agricultural extension became part of local government services as well

• Created county-based local government

• created a board of agriculture

• promoted technical (including agricultural) education • allocated funds for the purpose

1880s

The American extension movement was founded on principles similar to those in England.

• Moulton, an Englishman and former extension worker at Cambridge University, became the first Director of Extension at the University of Chicago in what year?

1892

Italy appointed first ininerant agriculture teacher at Rovigo.

1886

• Farmers' Institute Movements

"traveling shows" of agricultural experts. Experts travelled from community to community teaching improved farming techniques. Sessions typically lasted 1-2 days or longer Sponsored by land-grant colleges, state agriculture departments, or agricultural societies. Structure and implementation varied by state.

1870s-1880s

The Hatch Act of _____ created a collaborative relationship between the U.S. Department of Agriculture and land-grant colleges allocated annual federal funds to support agricultural experiment stations in every state.

1887

The Second Morrill Act was passed

• expanded the Land Grant model to additional regions across the United States.

• Farmers' Institute Movement became institutionalized, receiving formal federal support and oversigh

• It also led to the creation of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) to support higher education for African-Americans.

1890s

The enactment of the Smith-Lever Act led to the creation of the Cooperative Extension Service, officially designating it as the national extension agency.

• The term "Agricultural Extension /as adopted in 1914 in the Unite state government, and : local county government with the SCUs

• The enactment of the Smith-Lever Act led to the creation of the Cooperative Extension Service, officially designating it as the national extension agency.

• The term "Agricultural Extension" was adopted in 1914 in the United States Cooperative Extension Service - tripartite cooperation between the following: federal government, state government, and local county government with the SCUs

1914

Spanish term also known as model farms were introduced by the first Spanish missionaries to teach farmers who grew rice, corn, and tobacco in large encomiendas

served as • experimental stations of the Spanish government

Granjas Modelos

Bureau of Agriculture

1902

Demonstration and Extension Division created

1910

Expanded to include cooperatives, rural credit, marketing

1919

Renamed Agricultural Extension Services

1923

Bureau split into BPI and BAI

1929

Demonstration and Extension Division was renamed to Agricultural Division;

• BPI's Agricultural Extension Division was renamed the Agriculture Division and continued providing extension services until the passage of the Commonwealth Act.

1932

- Commonwealth Act No. 85 authorized LGUs to support extension

•Commonwealth Act 85 established province-funded extension services

• Created the role of Provincial Agriculturist to lead agricultural outreach

• Farm Advisers were renamed Extension Agents • Commonwealth Act 649: Increased funding for extension work

1936 which is a commonwealth period

Provinces were authorized to hire home demonstrators for household extension work

1937

Bureau of Animal Industry formed the Livestock Extension Division to promote poultry and livestock

1938

Focus shifled to major crops (rice, corn, tobacco) provincial extension work was suspended

1941

Home Extension Unit merged with Agricultural Extension Unit under BPI

• 4H Club work was initiated by the Agricultural Extension Division

1947 - Post-Independence Period

Home economics and agricultural extension work were paralyzed

Japanese Occupation

Philippine government requested a U.S. Economic Survey Mission to assess post-war conditions

• Bell Survey Mission recommended consolidating agricultural extension services under one administration

1949

Republic Act 680 created the Bureau of Agricultural Extension (BAEx)

• BAEx took charge of farm improvement, home management, and youth development

• All DA extension activitie were transferred to BAE

1952

BAEX renamed Agricultural Productivity Comission (APC) via republic Act 3844 (Land Reform Act)

ACP placed under the Office of the President

• APC's role expanded to boost farm productivity and unify agricultural service

1953

• EO No. 57 established the Community Development Council (CDPC) to coordinate national development efforts

1954

EO No. 156 created the Office of the Presidential Assistant on Community Development (PACD)

1956

Agricultural extension policies shifted focus to address low rice and corn production

1957

Rice and Corn Production Coordinating Council (RCPC) established to oversee rice and corn programs

1958

RCPC formalized as the top policy-making and coordinating body for rice and corn initiatives

1959

• EO No. 62 created the Rice and Corn Authority (RCA), replacing RCPC

• RCA provided credit for feeds, pesticides, and harvesting input

• Fertilizer subsidies were offered to participating farmer

1964

Rice self-sufficiency program was reconceptualized to include production, marketing, distribution, and resource integration across government and private sectors

1965 - Pre-martial Law Period

EO No. 38 elevated the PACD to cabinet rank and renamed it the Presidential Arm for Community Development.

• EO No. 64 was revoked; EO No. 50 restored implementation powers for the Rice and Corn Production Program

1966

RA 188 granted autonomy to local governments, decentralizing Bureau functions

1967

EO No. 183 created the National Food and Agriculture Council (NFAC)

• NFAC assumed RCPC functions and led coordination of the national food self-sufficiency program.

• Martial Law Period

1969

• Martial Law declared; major restructuring of agricultural extension services

• PD No. 1 and Letter of Implementation reverted APC back to BAEx

Cooperative function ands staff transferred to the Departmental of Local Government and Community Development.

EO No. 50 reaffirmed RCPCC’s role in implementing the Rice and Corn Production Program.

Cooperative functions and implementing the Rice and • PD No. 970 abolished DAR's Bureau of Farm Management; extension functions moved to BAEx

1972 - Martial Law Period

• World Bank appraised the Philippine agricultural extension system

• Ministry of Agriculture and Food (MAF) strengthened extension services through the World Bank-assisted National Extension Progra

1977

PD No. 1579 and LOI No. 595 created regional offices under the Ministry of Agriculture

• EO No. 967 renamed the Ministry of Agriculture to MAF and transferred BFAR from the Ministry of Natural Resources to MAF

1978

MAF streamlined its structure for unified extension services

• Appointed 12 Regional Directors, 24 Assistant Regional Directors (for crops and livestock), and 75 Provincial Agricultural Officer.

1980

• EO No. 803 designated provinces as key units for managing agricultural development

• Provincial governors became responsible for coordinating and supervising agricultural services

1982

EO No. 116 merged BAEx, the Philippine Agricultural Training Council, and PTCRD into the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI)

• ATl was mandated to train extension workers and farmers, align programs with sector needs, and communicate research results through training and outreach

1987

RA No. 7160 (Local Government Code) devolved agricultural extension and training functions to local government units (LGUs)

1991

Division of Soil Survey - was created to undertake soil and agronomical survey

Rice Share Tenancy Act (Act No. 4054) of 1993 - was enforced by quezon to regulate landlord tenant regulations

Commonwealth Act No. 518 (C.A. 518) - enacted in 1940 established the National Coconut Corporation (NCC)

Commonwealth Act No. 519 (C.A. 519) - enacted in 1940 established the National Tobacco Corporation (NTC)

President Manuel L. Quezon

• Rude Awakening- realization that Philippines was not self-sufficient in terms of food production.

• Intensification of Planting, Expansion of Corn and Root Crop Cultivation, Distribution of Planting Materials, Compulsory Labor Service, Public Cooperation, Rice Distribution, and Introduction of New Rice Varieties were key measures implemented.

President Jose P. Laurel

• Parity Rights for Americans - Allowed U.S. citizens equal access to use and develop the country's agricultural, timber, and mineral lands.

• Rehabilitation Finance Corporation (RFC, now DBP) - Created to support the recovery and growth of agriculture and other key sectors.

• Republic Act No. 34, the 1946 "Tenant Act" - established the 70-30 sharing system for rice tenancy and regulating contracts

President Manuel A. Roxas

• Joined UN-FAO - Philippines became a member.

• National Rice and Corn Program - Launched with the Rice and Corr Coordinating Council.

• Rice and Corn Coordinating Council - Predecessor of today's National Agriculture and Fishery Council (NAFC).

• Agricultural Tenancy Act, 1954 (RA 1199) - Protected tenants' rights, promoted leasehold, and created the Court of Agrarian Relations.

• National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) (RA 1160)- aimed to resettle landless farmers and rebel returnees in frontier areas.

• Land Reform Act, 1955 (RA 1400) - Created LTA to acquire and redistribute large rice and corn estates.

• Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing System (RA 821) - Provided low-interest loans to small farmers and tenants.

President Ramon Magsaysay

• Austerity Program - Promoted simple living and discouraged extravagance

• Filipino First Policy - Advocated support for local products and Filipino workers.

President Carlos P. Garcia

• International Rice Research Institute - Established in UPLB

• Focused on solving the proble of the sugar industry.

• Agricultural Land Reform Code (RA 3844)

• Ended share tenancy and replace it with leasehold.

• Limited land ownership to 75 hectares.

• Gave tenant farmers rights of preemption and redemption.

• Set up administrative an idicial systems fo agrarian cases.

• Added support services like extension, marketing, and supervised credit for farmers.

• He was known as "Father of Agrarian Reform".

President Diosdado Macapagal

• Bureau of Agricultural Extension (R.A. 680)

• Rural Bank Act Established rural banks with strong funding support.

• Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) - Authroized to organize the Farmers Cooperative Marketing Associations (FACOMAS)

• Made rice the first crop with a replaced it with leasehold nationwide integrated plan.

President Elpido Quirino

Agricultural Land Reform Code (RA 6389) - amended the earlier Agricultural Land Reform Code and established DAR as the lead agency for implementing agrarian reform

• Replanting program for coconut

• Presidential Decree 2 (1972): Abolished sharecropping (tenancy) on rice and corn lands.

• Presidential Decree 27 (1972): The core of his land reform, moving towards land ownership for tenants (the "land-to-the-tiller" program) for lands over 7 hectares, coupled with support services and cooperative formation.

• Masagana 99 - Program with massive dispersal of modern technology including High Yielding Varieties, fertilizers, and pesticides

President Ferdinand Marcos Sr.

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, 1988 (RA 6657): The landmark law that legally established Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, mandating the distribution of all agricultural lands regardless o rop, aiming for equity and povert reduction.

President Corazon Aquino

• MDATP - Medium Term Agricultural Development Program

• GDEP - Grains Production Enhancement Program

• KCCDP - Key Commercial Crops Development Program

• MTLDP - Medium Term Livestock Development Program

• MTFMDP - Medium Term Fisheries Management Development Program

GATT Safety Measure - Was adopted

President Fidel V. Ramos

CONCORD - Constitutional Correction for Development - amend restrictive economic provisions, such as those limiting foreign ownership in natural resources, public utilities, educational institutions, and mass media, to liberalize the economy

• Agrikulturang Makamasa (Makapagpabagong Programa Tungo sa MASAgana at Maunlad na Pagsasaka at Pangisdaan) - implementation of AFMA

• Biotechnology - was approved in the Philippines

President Joseph E. Estrada

Ginintuang Masaganang Ani - Country wide assistance for rural employment and services

• Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (KALAHI) - KARZONEs is a partnership strategy by DAR under CARP to reduce poverty and boost farm productivity. It promotes asset reform, food security, good governance, and empowers agrarian reform beneficiaries in all communities.

• Gulayan Magsasakang Agraryo program helped farmers earn extra income and food security. The Diosdad Macapagal Program gave educational suppor o farmers' children and

• BAYAN-ANIHAN - framework for CARP under then Pres. Arroyo • Republic Act (RA 10068) - the Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 •

• Hybrid Rice Commercialization Program

• Republic Act No. 9700 The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms (CARPER)

President Gloria M. Arroyo

• Agri-Pinoy Framework - A holistic approach to sustainable agriculture, emphasizing food security, poverty alleviation, and resource sustainability •

• National Organic Agriculture Program (NOAP) - Promoted organic farming and supported farmers' transition to organic practices

• Philippine Rural Development Project (PRDP) - Aimed to improve rural infrastructure, access to markets, and agricultural productivity through World Bank funding

• Rice Self-Sufficiency Program - Targeted rice sufficiency through improved irrigation, certified seeds, and farmer support

• Promoted climate-resilient agriculture and modernization in the fisheries

• CARPER (RA 9700) Implementation - Continued efforts to implement the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program with Extension and Reforms (CARPER) to complete land distribution and support farmer-beneficiaries.

President Benigno S. Aquino Ill

• Rice Tariffication Law (RA 11203) - Lifted quantitative restrictions on rice imports; created the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF) to support local farmers

• Plant, Plant, Plant Program - A flagship program launched during the COVID-19 pandemic to boost food production and availability

• Free Irrigation Service Act - waives irrigation fees for farmers owning up to 8 ha

• Sagip Saka Act (RA 11321) - Promotes enterprise development, direct purchase programs, and organic certification for farmers and fisherfolk

• Coconut Farmers and Industry Trust Fund Act (RA 11524) - Creates a trust fund for industry rehabilitation using coco-levy assets

• Coconut Farmers and Industry Development Plan (RA 11524) - Implements programs/projects under RA 11524 for farmers' social protection, enterprise development, R&D, and processing

President Rodrigo Roa Duterte

• Continuation and Expansion of Kadiwa ng Pangulo- A marketing program that connects local farmers directly with consumers to improve income and food access.

• New Agrarian Emancipation Act (RA 11953) - Condones over P57 billion in unpaid loans of agrarian reform beneficiaries, freeing them from debt.

• Philippine Agriculturist Act (RA 1080 / RA 10912 for CPD) - Regulates the practice of agriculturists, professional licensing, and mandates continuing education.

• Anti-Agricultural Sabotage Act (RA 12022) - classifies large-scale agricultural crimes, such as smuggling, hoarding, profiteering, and cartel operations, as economic sabotage, punishable by life imprisonment and hefty fines

• Philippine Salt Industry Development Act (RA 11985) - Revitalizes the local salt industry through research, infrastructure, and farmer support.

President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.

• Devolution or decentralization that gives local governments more power, responsibility, and resources

• Significant Provisions of the Local Government Code in the Conduct of Extension Programs, Projects, and Activities

RA 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991

• The law introduced measures to modernize agriculture and fisheries, aiming to boost rofitability and prepare f lobalization. Under AFM extension covers areas such as production and marketing support, human resource development, research, rural non-farm employment, and trade incentives.

RA 8435 known as the Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act or AFMA

Principles of AFMA

• Food Security

• Rational Use of Resources

• Global Competitiveness

• Sustainable Development

• People Empowerment

• Protection from Unfair Competition

The Philippine Fisheries Code promotes the development, management, and conservation of fisheries and aquatic resources, and established the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (FARMC). Section 120 specifically addresses extension services

• Significant Provisions of the Fisheries Code in the Conduct of Extension Programs, Projects and Activities

RA 8850 also known as the Fisheries Code of 1998.

• Enacted in 1998,

Promotes the commercialization of intellectual property (IP) from government-funded research. It vests ownership of IP in the research institution (RDI), establishes guidelines for revenue sharing, encourages industry collaboration, and sets up Technology Licensing Offices (TLOs) to boost the national economy

RA 10055 or The Philippine Technology Transfer Act

Highlights extension services through farmer training, scholarships, and farm schools nationwide.

• The new law establishes the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF), allocating 10 Billion pesos, annually for six years to support farm machinery, rice development,credit and extension services.

RA 11203 or The Rice Tariffication Law

• Promotes, develops, and implements organic farming to enrich soil fertility, increase farm productivity, reduce pollution, and protect farmer health.

• It established the National Organic Agriculture Program (NOAP) and the National Organic Agriculture Board (NOAB), which sets policies and ensures the participation of stakeholders in the sector. Agricultural Training Institute: Philippines' Extension Arm in Agriculture

RA 10068 or The Organic Agriculture Act