PBSI 360 substance use

classic definition of addiction

a condition, produced by repeated consumption of a natural or synthetic psychoactive substance, in which the person has become physical or psychologically dependent on the substance

physical dependence

when the body has adjusted to the presence of the substance and incorporated it into “normal” functioning of the body

tolerance

when the body requires larger and larger doses over time to achieve the same effect

withdrawal

unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms people experience when they discontinue or markedly reduce their use

psychological dependence

person feels compelled to use the substance for the effect it produces without necessarily being physically dependent on it

binge drinking for men

5 or more drinks in over 2 hoursb

binge drinking for women

4 or more drinks in over 2 hours

criteria for substance use disorder

tolerance, withdrawal, relapse, substance taken in larger amounts, continued use despite problems

positive and negative reinforcement

pleasurable experience, use means reducing or eliminating negative effectsop

opponent-process theory

explains why the crash after drug use fails to keep people from using. positive » negative » positive

role expectancy effects

expectancies influence drug use and relapse

first step of treatment is

detoxification

experimental use

try it a few times to “see what it’s like”

social

group/social activity

medicinal/”self care”

3x more likely to be depressed, higher rate than experimental or social

addictive

dependent on regular use of substance, can experience withdrawal, highest rate of use