THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

1. hierarchy of needs theory

2. theory x and theory y

3. erg theory

4. two-factor theory

5. expectancy theory

theories of motivation

abraham maslow

developed hierarchy of needs theory

douglas mcgregor

developed theory x and theory y

clayton alderfer

developed erg theory

frederick herzberg

developed two-factor theory

victor vroom

developed expectancy theory

hierarchy of needs theory

this theory suggests that human beings have five basic needs

1. lower order needs - social needs, security needs, and physiological needs

2. higher order needs - self-actualization needs and esteem needs

hierarchy of needs theory categories

theory x and theory y

this theory suggests that different style of management have a different bearing on the motivation of workers in an organization

1. theory x - traditional, negative, and autocratic

2. theory y - participatory, positive, and democratic

difference between theory x and theory y

erg theory

anchors on maslow’s theory but presents some modifications as to how it operates

1. existence needs - desires for physiological and material well-being

2. relatedness needs - desires to satisfy interpersonal relationships with others

3. growth needs - desires for continued personal and psychological growth and improvement

erg theory categories

two-factor theory

this theory suggests that the motivation of workers depends on whether they feel that they have job satisfaction or job dissatisfaction

1. satisfiers / motivators

2. hygiene factors / dissatifiers

two-factor theory categories

expectancy theory

this theory suggests that “people will do what they can do when they want to do it.”

1. expectancy

2. instrumentality

3. valence

expectancy theory categories

expectancy

this is an individual’s belief that working hard will result in a desired level of performance

instrumentality

this is an individual’s belief that successful performance will be followed by rewards and other work-related outcomes

valence

this is the value an individual assigns the possible rewards and other work-related outcomes