Unit2😭

House of Reps

-Lower house of a legislature

-represents citizens on an equal state bias

-25 years old, citizen

-2 year term

Senate

-Upper house of a legislature, U.S. Congress

-Group of people who make laws a country or state

-30 years old, citizen

-6 year term

Pork barrel spending

-legislation that directs specific funds

-to projects within districts or states

Logrolling

-trading of votes on legislation

-by members of congress

-to get their earmarks passed into legislation

Congressional oversight

-power of congress

-to scrutinize and check the activities

-the executive branch of government and hold it to account

Constituent/Constituencies

-body of voters

-elect a representative or senator

Apportionment

-congressional committees allocate funds

-to executive branch agencies, bureaus, and depart

Redistricting

-states redrawing of boundaries

-electoral districts following each census

Gerrymandering

-international use redistricting

-to benefit a specific interest or group of voters

Incumbency

-institutional advantages held by those already in office

-who are trying to fend off challengers in an election

Speaker of the House

-leader or presiding officer of house of Reps

-chosen by an election of its members

-leading member majority party

Majority Leader

-floor leaders

-most seats in Congress

-head of the party, chosen by the party's members

-whip up support

Minority leader

-floor leader

-secondary highest number of seats in Congress

-head of the party, chosen by party's members

-whip up supprot

Whip

-member of congress

-chosen by his or her party members

-whose job is to ensure party unity and discipline

President Pro Tempore

-highest ranking senator

-preside over the senate when the vice president is absent

Committees

-members within a legislative body

-assigned specific responsibilities

-to help and organize the workload

Quorum

-minimum number of members that must be present in a legislative body

-like House of Reps or Senate

-in order to conduct official business

Committee of the whole

-consists all members of the House and meets in the House chamber

-governed by different rules

-making it easier to consider complex and controversial legislation

Filibuster

-individual senator may use the right of unlimited debate

-to delay a motion or postpone action on a piece of legislation

Entitlement programs

-programs that provides benefits

-for those who qualify under the law

-reguardless of income

Partisan vs. Bipartisan

-an election, committed member of the poticial party for a candidate to declare their allegiance

-the aggreement or cooperation of 2 political parties that opposes each others policies

Gridlock

-slowdown or halt in congress's ability to legislate and overcome divisions

-especially those based on partisanship

Divided government

-control of presidency and one or both chambers of congress

-split between the 2 majority parties

Lame duck period

-period at the end of a presidential term

-when congress may block presidential initiatives and nominees