Selected Agents of Pulmonary Value

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to agents used in pulmonary medicine, focusing on definitions, indications, and therapeutic roles.

α1-proteinase inhibitor

Also known as α1-antitrypsin, used to treat α1-antitrypsin deficiency from pooled human plasma.

α1-antitrypsin deficiency

A genetic condition leading to severe panacinar emphysema, accounting for about 2% of all emphysema cases in the U.S.

Nicotine replacement therapy

Therapies to help in smoking cessation, which includes various formulations such as patches, gum, and inhalers.

E-cigarettes

Devices that may serve as an adjunct or alternative to traditional smoking cessation methods, although safety concerns exist.

Nitric oxide

A gas approved for pulmonary vascular relaxation, used in neonatal respiratory failure, and influences pulmonary vasodilation.

Pulmonary hypertension

Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can be treated with inhaled medications like nitric oxide.

Bronchospasm

A possible adverse effect of inhaled medications, causing narrowing of the air passages in the lungs.

Roflumilast (Daliresp)

A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor used to reduce the risk of exacerbations in severe COPD patients.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)

Developed to assist in correcting defective proteins in cystic fibrosis, with various available formulations.

Inhaled human insulin (Afrezza)

A dry powder insulin formulation administered via inhaler, indicated for glycemic control in adults with diabetes.

α1-proteinase inhibitor

Also known as α1-antitrypsin, used to treat α1-antitrypsin deficiency from pooled human plasma.

α1-antitrypsin deficiency

A genetic condition leading to severe panacinar emphysema, accounting for about 2% of all emphysema cases in the U.S.

Nicotine replacement therapy

Therapies to help in smoking cessation, which includes various formulations such as patches, gum, and inhalers.

E-cigarettes

Devices that may serve as an adjunct or alternative to traditional smoking cessation methods, although safety concerns exist.

Nitric oxide

A gas approved for pulmonary vascular relaxation, used in neonatal respiratory failure, and influences pulmonary vasodilation.

Pulmonary hypertension

Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can be treated with inhaled medications like nitric oxide.

Bronchospasm

A possible adverse effect of inhaled medications, causing narrowing of the air passages in the lungs.

Roflumilast (Daliresp)

A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor used to reduce the risk of exacerbations in severe COPD patients.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)

Developed to assist in correcting defective proteins in cystic fibrosis, with various available formulations.

Inhaled human insulin (Afrezza)

A dry powder insulin formulation administered via inhaler, indicated for glycemic control in adults with diabetes.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs, often associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Cystic Fibrosis

A genetic disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system, and other organs due to a defective protein regulating salt and water movement.

Emphysema

A lung condition that causes shortness of breath due to damage to the alveoli (air sacs), leading to permanent enlargement of airspaces.

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor

A class of drugs, like Roflumilast, that reduce inflammation by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP levels, primarily used in managing severe COPD.

Panacinar emphysema

A type of emphysema characterized by destruction of the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles throughout the acinus, often associated with α1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Smoking cessation

The process of stopping tobacco smoking, often aided by pharmacotherapy like nicotine replacement therapy or behavioral interventions.

Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels, which increases blood flow and is the primary action of drugs like nitric oxide in treating pulmonary hypertension.

Glycemic control

The management of blood glucose levels, a key objective in diabetes treatment for which inhaled human insulin (Afrezza) is indicated.