ENTM Midterm Study Notes

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37 Terms

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Insect

Member of Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, characterized by 3 body regions, 6 legs, antennae, and usually wings.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

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Evolution

Gradual change in species over generations through selection.

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Monophyletic group

A group that includes a common ancestor and all its descendants.

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Polyphyletic group

A group that includes organisms from different ancestral lines.

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Binomial nomenclature

A two-part scientific name system for organisms (Genus + species).

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Tagmata

The distinct body regions of insects: head, thorax, and abdomen.

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Exoskeleton

A hard outer structure made of chitin providing protection and support.

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Compound eye

An eye composed of many ommatidia, capable of detecting motion.

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Ocelli

Simple light-detecting eyes found in some insects.

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Open circulatory system

A system where hemolymph flows freely around the organs.

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Tracheal system

A system of tubes for gas exchange in insects.

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Spermatophore

A packet of sperm transferred during mating.

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Parthenogenesis

A form of asexual reproduction without males.

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Ecdysone

A hormone that triggers the process of molting in insects.

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Metamorphosis

The process of transformation from larva to adult in insects.

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Ametabolous

A type of development with no metamorphosis; the young resemble adults.

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Hemimetabolous

Incomplete metamorphosis where the juvenile form (nymph) gradually develops into an adult.

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Holometabolous

Complete metamorphosis involving distinct larva, pupa, and adult stages.

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Chemoreception

The ability to detect chemicals via smell and taste, usually through antennae.

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Mechanoreception

Sense of touch, vibration, and position, detected by various body parts.

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Tympanal organs

Specialized structures that detect sound in some insects.

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Reflexive bleeding

The exuding of toxic or repellent fluid when an insect is threatened.

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Territorial behavior

Behavior associated with defending a space against rivals.

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Sociality

The living in colonies or groups, as seen in species like ants and bees.

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Cultural relevance of insects as food

Insects provide high protein content and are considered environmentally sustainable.

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Separate roles of male accessories glands

Male glands add fluids to sperm, and female glands secrete protective egg layers.

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Proventriculus

A part of the foregut that grinds food.

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Malpighian tubules

Excretory organs in insects that remove nitrogen waste.

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Diapause

A dormant state that allows insects to survive unfavorable conditions.

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Exuviae

The shed exoskeleton after molting.

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Instar

A growth stage between molts in an insect's lifecycle.

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Stadium

The duration of a particular instar stage.

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Body segmentation in arthropods

Characteristic of segmented body structure in organisms like insects.

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Cephalothorax

A fused head and thorax structure found in some arthropods.

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Ommatidia

Individual photoreceptive units that make up a compound eye.

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Fat body

An organ in insects that stores energy and aids in metabolism.