FBIM words 8

___: Uses a series of existing values to forecast what other values will be. For example, it might find patterns in data to help managers estimate the future value of continuous variables, such as sales figures.

forecasting

A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number (such as a person's name or age) is called a ___.

field

Database management systems (DBMS) have a data ___ capability to specify the structure of the content of the database. It would be used to create database tables and to define the characteristics of the fields in each table. This information about the database would be documented in a data dictionary.

definition

A ___ represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle.

bit

An entity is a person, place, thing, or event on which we store and maintain information. Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an ___.

attribute

Most database management systems (DBMS) have a specialized language called a ___ language that is used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the database. This language contains commands that permit end users and programming specialists to extract data from the database to satisfy information requests and develop applications. The most prominent data manipulation language today is Structured Query Language, or SQL.

data manipulation

To use a relational database model effectively, complex groupings of data must be streamlined to minimize redundant data elements and awkward many-to-many relationships. The process of creating small, stable, yet flexible and adaptive data structures from complex groups of data is called ___.

normalization

We use the term ___ to describe these data sets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical DBMS to capture, store, and analyze.

big data

Database management systems (DBMS) have a data definition capability to specify the structure of the ___ of the database. It would be used to create database tables and to define the characteristics of the fields in each table.

content

A data ___ is a subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly focused portion of the organization's data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users. For example, a company might develop marketing and sales data marts to deal with customer information.

mart

Data inconsistency is a situation where the same attribute may have ___ values.

different

___: An operation that combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is available in individual tables.

join

__: An operation that creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria. It creates, in other words, a subset of rows that meet certain criteria.

select

___: An operation that creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that contain only the information required.

project

Analytic platforms feature preconfigured hardware-software systems that are specifically designed for ___ processing and analytics.

query

Data ___ boosts operational efficiency and decision-making by making more comprehensive and accurate data available, and by making it easier to access all of the business's data in one place.

warehouse

___ refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data.

program-data dependence

A group of related fields, such as the student's name, the course taken, the date, and the grade, make a ___.

record

The database management system (DBMS) can help eliminate data ___ because the database management system (DBMS) helps the organization ensure that every occurrence of redundant data has the same values.

inconsistency

___ supports multidimensional data analysis, enabling users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions. Each aspect of information — product, pricing, cost, region, or time period — represents a different dimension.

OLAP (online analytical processing)

A data ___ is a repository for raw unstructured data or structured data that for the most part has not yet been analyzed, and the data can be accessed in many ways. It stores these data in their native format until they are needed.

lake

The ___, or logical, design of a database is an abstract model of the database from a business perspective, whereas the ___ design shows how the database is actually arranged on direct-access storage devices.

conceptual, physical

What if you want to communicate with another network, such as the Internet? You would need a ___. It is a communications processor that routes packets of data through different networks, ensuring that the data sent get to the correct address.

router

___ technology delivers voice information in digital form using packet switching, avoiding the tolls charged by local and long-distance telephone networks.

voice over IP

A ___ is a computer on a network that performs important network functions for client computers, such as displaying web pages, storing data, and storing the network operating system (hence con-trolling the network).

server

Packet ___ is a method of slicing digital messages into parcels called packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they be-come available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destinations.

switching

___ computing is a distributed computing model in which some of the processing power is located within small, inexpensive client computers and resides literally on desktops or laptops or in handheld devices. It has largely replaced centralized mainframe computing in which nearly all the processing takes place on a central large mainframe computer.

Client/server

In a typical telecommunications network, diverse hardware and software com-ponents need to work together to transmit information. Different components in a network communicate with each other by adhering to a common set of rules. A ___ is a set of rules and procedures governing transmission of information between two points in a network.

protocol

The total amount of digital information that can be transmitted through any telecommunications medium is measured in ___.

bits per second

With trillions of web pages, finding specific ones that can help you or your business, nearly instantly, is an important problem. The question is, how can you find the one or two pages you really want and need out of billions of indexed web pages? ___ attempt to solve the problem of finding useful information on the web nearly instantly.

search engines

Voice and data communication, as well as Internet access, are taking place over ___ wireless platforms such as mobile phones, mobile handheld devices, and PCs in wireless networks.

broadband

___ integrates disparate channels for voice communications, data communications, instant messaging, email, and electronic conferencing into a single experience by which users can seamlessly switch back and forth between different communication modes.

unfied communciations

__ are collaborative websites on which visitors can add, delete, or modify content, including the work of previous authors. It comes from the Hawaiian word for "quick."

wikis

An ___ signal is represented by a continuous waveform that passes through a communications medium and has been used for audio communication. The most common devices of this type are the telephone handset, the speaker on your computer, or your iPhone earphone.

analog

A ___ network treats all processors equally and is used primarily in small networks with ten or fewer users. The various computers on the network can exchange data by direct access and can share peripheral devices without going through a separate server.

peer-to-peer