CISB 11 Module 10 and 11

What is a computer program?

a set of step by step instructions that tells the computer what to do

What is the difference between application programming and systems programming?

one is to create business and productivity applications, etc and the other is to create OS, device drivers, etc

Explain the primary difference between procedural programming and object oriented programming.

procedural focuses on step by step instructions in a program,  object focuses on objects in the program

Object

a person, place, or thing within the program (employee, pizza, GUI button)

Attribute

characteristic of an object (employee name, pizza diameter, button color)

Method

statements that define an action performed by an object or to an object (hire an employee, sell a pizza, click on a button

Message

line of code that "calls" or directs the program to perform a specific method

Class

group of objects that share common attributes (employees, menu items, GUI controls)

What are the five steps of the software development life cycle?

requirements analysis, design, development, testing, maintenance

requirements analysis

determines what it must do, when it has to be completed, programming language, interactions, documentation requirements

Design

designs the algorithm that the program will perform, using design tools such as pseudocode, program flowcharts, use case diagrams and class diagrams

Development

when a programmer converts the program design (flowchart, class diagram, etc.) into a functioning program using a programming language

Testing

programmers “run” the program by sending the program to a language translator

Maintenance

the process of fixing logic errors not caught in the debugging phase and/or updating the program in response to new requirements.

program flowcharts

use geometric shapes, lines and arrows to show the sequence of steps in a program

Pseudocode

uses short statements to explain the sequence of steps involved in a program

Use case diagram

documents the users of a program and the functions they perform class diagram

Sequence

the programming statements follow one after another in sequential order.

Selection

the programming statements that will be performed next depends upon whether a certain condition is true or false

Repetition

(also called loop or iteration) a block of programming statements repeats until a certain condition is met

Variable

one or more characters that represent the value of a data item within a program (FirstName, PhoneNum, PayRate)

keyword

words that a programming language has reserved for a specific function.

program comment

Text information placed within a program to explain the purpose of the programming code immediately following the comment

language translator

converts a programming language (called source code) into the 0's and 1's of a machine language (called object code)

language syntax

combination of rules, punctuation, capitalization and keywords that the program must follow

integrated development environment (IDE)

software package that provides tools to type and edit programming statements, automate and simplify parts of the coding process, debug errors and compile and run the program

source code

Computer instructions written in a high level language

object code

The low level instructions that result from compiling source code.

Debugging

process of finding and fixing errors in a computer program

beta testing

when a software company provides free review copies of a new program to selected companies.

Compiler

converts the entire application into object code before sending it to the CPU for processing.

interpreter

translates and executes programming code one line at a time as the program is being run.

Syntax error

when the programmer has not followed the rules or grammar of the programming language; can be detected by compiler

Logic error

when the program contains no runtime or syntax errors, but produces incorrect results due to using wrong logic; cannot be detected with compiler

What is beta testing?

when a software company provides free review copies of a new program to selected companies

program documentation

explains how the program is designed

program documentation

explains how the program is designed user documentation; explains how to use the program.

Describe the agile development methodology

When the requirements of a program are not easily defined and/or a goal is allowing users to participate in the development process

Python

simple syntax, procedural and object oriented paradigms

Ruby

used for web sites

Java

for web based programming and mobile app development

JavaScript

used for client side web scripting

Swift

created for Apple to replace objective C

The set of instructions that tells a computer what to do is called a ______________?

Computer program

A program design tool used to list the attributes and methods of objects within an object-oriented program is called _______________.

class diagram

___________ uses math and engineering techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of programs while increasing their reliability.

Software engineering

If a programmer makes a spelling mistake or violates the rules of the programming language the program will not run. This is called a __________ error.

syntax

When a program runs but provides the wrong output, the programmer has committed a __________ error.

logic

The software program that converts programming language code into binary code that can be read by the CPU is called a ________________.

compiler

The five steps performed by programmers to analyze, design, code, debug, and maintain a program is called the_______________________.

Software development life cycle

With regards to computer programming, what is a variable?

1+ characters that represent the value of a data item within a program

Software companies often provide its finished programs to other companies for free with the understanding that the other companies will use the program and report back to the software company any errors found in the program. This is called ___________ testing.

Beta

In object-oriented programming a(n) __________ is a person, place or thing within the program.

object

What is a computer program?

step by step instructions (called an algorithm) that tells the computer what to do

What is programming syntax?

combination of rules, keywords and punctuation that must be followed to write a program in a specific language

What is an IDE?

software package that contains code editor, debugger, and either an interpreter or compiler

What code would you type to display your first and last name on the monitor?

print()

What symbol does Python use to indicate a comment line?

#

What is a string?

a series of characters.

What symbol is placed at the beginning and end of a string?

“” Quotation marks

Keyword

words that have a predefined meaning

Debugging

process of finding bugs and fixing coding errors (bugs)

Variable

one or more characters that represent a value

Class

category of objects in which every object (called an instance) within that class will have similar attributes and methods

List

ordered group of items that can be numbers or strings

Function

block of code that performs a specific task

Method

statements that define an action performed by an object or to an object (hire an employee, sell a pizza, click on a button

What symbol is used to assign a value to a variable?

=

What are three common data types?

string (str), integer (int) and decimal (float)

What does the input() function do?

enable the users of a program to interact with the program and enter data

What are the arithmetic operators built into Python?

addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus (remainder), exponent

What are the three control structures built into every programming language?

sequential, selection and iteration (repetition)

Sequential

does not require any keywords because the program statements are executed one after another in a linear fashion

Selection

when the code that is executed next depends upon whether a condition is true or false.

Repetition

enables programmers to write code that repeatedly executes the same programming statements until a certain condition tells the computer to stop repeating.

What are the six comparison operators built into Python?

== (equal to), !=(not equal to), >(greater than), < (less than), >=(greater than or equal to), <=(less than or equal to)

What are the three logical operators built into Python?

AND, OR and NOT

What is the result of the following line of code: Value = random.randint(1,10)

a random integer between 1 and 10

When a programmer wants the program to display text information on the computer screen, she uses the keyword ___________.

print

A variable that will contain decimal values will have what datatype? ____________

float

With Python the equal sign is represented by what two characters __________.

==

If a program is going to perform the same few lines of code many times, instead of typing the same lines over and over again the programmer will create a __________ that can be called (referenced) whenever the code is needed.

loop or iteration

The __________ control structure is when a few lines of code are repeated multiple times until a certain condition is reached.

repetition

The code that results in Python generating a random number between 1 and 52 is ______________.

import random

number = random.randint(1,52)

print(random.randint(1,52))

The code that creates a list variable that stores the colors red, white and blue is ____________________.

Color_List = [“red”,”white”,”blue”]

The program that a programmer needs to use to type, debug and compile a Python program is called a ___________________.

integrated development environment (IDE)

A _____________occurs when a program finishes but provides the wrong answer.

logic error