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History
What was the peace treaty in 1153 between Henry and Stephen called?
Treaty of Winchester/Westminster
What did the treaty make sure would happen after Stephen died?
Henry would become king
What did Stephen lose control of during his reign?
The Barons, church, law and finances
What was Henryâs royal revenue when he took the throne compared to what it had been in Stephenâs reign?
½ to 2/3 of what it was
what were the barons âmintingâ during Stephenâs reign?
their own coins
what areas of government were not fully functioning in 1154?
Finance (the Exchequer), Law (the bench and Chancery)
Who collected for the king the fixed sum from the shires?
The sheriffs
What was this major source of income called?
The âFarmâ
What was henryâs mission when he came to the throne?
Reintroduce strong royal government and take control of England
Who often ruled as Henryâs regent when he was away?
His wife Eleanor of Aquitaine
Give another word for the nobility
Barons, magnates, lords, tenants-in-chief
In order to reverse the freedom given in Stephenâs reign, what did henry issue a lot of in 1155?
charters
To reduce the power of the earls, how many did henry reduce them to?
22 to 12
What was one of Henryâs nicknames
castle breaker
In the Cartae Baronum of 1166, what 2 things did the barons have to submit details of?
Land and knights
what was the special name for the number of knights they were meant to supply?
the servitium debitum
what were the two main purposes of the Cartae?
To bring the barons more under control; would help raise finance
Why were sheriffs important to Henry
They oversaw law and order in the shires as well as collected taxes
In the 1170 inquest of the sheriffs how many sheriffs did henry sack?
22 of the 29
What was patronage?
the right to appoint someone to a job
How did Henry âpersuadeâ Malcolm king of scotland to agree to a peace treaty?
Marching his army up to Scotland and demonstrating his military power
What was the name of the younger brother Malcolm gave up while paying homage to Henry in 1163?
David
What event, which took place in 1170 were both King william and david invited to by henry?
Young Henrys coronation
Name the place where Henry II made Malcolm to pay homage to him along with the welsh princes
Woodstock
What was the Earldom Malcolm IV received from Henry
Earl of Huntington
What was the name of the campaign henry invited Malcolm on
toulouse
what do henryâs interactions with scotland tell us about his tactics
diplomatic more then military
what state was wales in prior to henrys reign
unstable warlike
Why did Henry go to Wales?
To secure his borders and expand his empire
who were the two welsh princes that henry dealt with
Owain and Rhys
how many campaigns did Henry launch into wales?
3
In which year did owain do homage to henry bringing north wales under control?
1157
in which year did henry capture rhys and force him to do homage?
1163
when did Henry launch his 3rd campaign against Wales?
1165
What year did henry agree to peace with the Welsh?
1171
What was Henrys views on the ultimate conquest of wales?
Knew it was unrealistic due to the geography
what is the definition of homage?
Homage is a pledge of allegiance
did wales have a king?
No, had princes who ruled their local area
what title did rhys receive from Henry in 1172?
Justiciar of Wales
Why did henry make peace with wales?
threat to his english border; he wanted to gon a expedition to Ireland and had problem with french territories
Who was king of Leinster?
Dermot
Which england baron went to Ireland to âhelpâ?
Richard de Clare/strongbow
When did strongbow invade?
1170
Who gave henry his blessing to go to ireland?
Pope adrian
what year did pope adrian give henry his blessing to go to ireland?
1155
Why didnât henry go to ireland in 1155?
He was busy establishing royal control within England
when did Dermot ask for help from Henry?
1167
Why did Henry go to Ireland in 1171?
Feared strongbow could become rival power; to escape criticism re murder of thomas beckett
Why did henry meet with bishops in ireland?
help establish papacy control within ireland; re-establish his good relations with papacy
which pope was henry trying to please with his meeting of the bishops?
Pope Alexander
who was the king of france at this time?
Louis VII
what was the name of the land that crossed from his lands into normandy?
The vexin
what was henrys rank in france?
Tenant-in-chief/feudal vassal
who did henry involve himself with to expand his influence in brittany?
Noblewoman Bertha and her son Conan
who did henry encourage to invade Brittany in 1156?
Geoffrey (his brother)
who did henry turn to for support when conan rebelled?
Louis VII
what were the reasons behind louis actions supporting henry
wanted to marry his daughter to one of henrys sons.
who attacked henry in Normandy 1156?
Geoffrey
When did henry invade Brittany with a large army?
1158
what year did henry finally release the cartae baronum in normandy?
1172
who did henry make special arrangements with to get his son and louis daughter married?
Pope Alexander
How did Henry initially gain Normandy?
He inherited it from his father.
How did Henry gain Louisâs backing against Geoffrey when he attempted to claim Normandy for himself?
He did homage to Louis.
What was the dowry for Young Henry and Margaretâs marriage?
The Vexin
When were the talks of Montmirail held?
January 1169
What were the main terms of the peace of Montmirail?
Henry did homage to Louis for Normandy, the Vexin and Brittany. His sons also did
homage to Louis. Young Henry for Normandy and Anjou, Richard for Aquitaine, and
Geoffrey for Brittany. Richard was also betrothed to Alys(Alice), daughter of Louis)
Note 
Flashcard (44)