Physiology Chapter 24 S25

Which is NOT a pathogen?

meningococcus bacterium

athlete's foot fungus

hookworm parasite

chicken pox virus

cancer

cancer

Which represents the body's first line of defense to a pathogen?

neutrophils

B cells

leukocytes

stomach acid

stomach acid

Which disease is fought by the immune system as part of its function to recognize and remove abnormal "self" cells?

Type 1 diabetes

Rheumatoid arthritis

Cancer

Influenza

Cancer

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the joints?

Rheumatoid arthritis

Influenza

Cancer

Type 1 diabetes

Rheumatoid arthritis

Lymphoid tissues include

thymus.

bone marrow.

spleen.

lymph nodes.

All of the answers are correct.

What are the two primary lymphoid tissues?

Thymus and bone marrow

The specificity of an antibody is determined by the

antibody class.

size of the antibody.

variable region.

antigenic determinants.

fixed segment.

variable region.

Which part of an antibody is responsible for binding to a specific antigen?

Variable region

What is another term for the part of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody?

Epitope

Variable region

Constant region

Antibody class

Epitope

Which of the following does NOT determine the specificity of an antibody?

Variable region

Amino acid sequence in the variable region

Antigen-binding site

Antibody class

Antibody class

Match the type of immunity to its description.

A. specific

B. nonspecific

Antibodies in breast milk protect a newborn baby from pathogens.

specific

Which molecules are secreted by certain immune cells, and bind to antigens?

Interferons

Interleukins

Antibodies

Cytokines

Antibodies

Antibiotics are drugs that destroy or inhibit the growth of

bacteria.

Viruses

must reproduce inside host cells and are parasitic.

easily survive in the environment outside the body.

must reproduce inside host cells, are parasitic, and easily survive in the environment outside the body.

are parasitic.

must reproduce inside host cells.

must reproduce inside host cells and are parasitic.

Which pathogen is accurately paired with a key characteristic?

Virus: treated with antibiotics

Bacterium: Cannot survive outside a host.

Virus: not able to replicate outside a host cell

Bacterium: Can have a cell wall but does not have a cell membrane.

Virus: not able to replicate outside a host cell

The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are

plasma cells.

Passive immunity is a type of ________ immunity. (adaptive; innate)

adaptive

The cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the

T lymphocytes.

suppressor T lymphocytes.

B lymphocytes.

plasma cells.

T lymphocytes.

The initial cellular defense against pathogens are the

B lymphocytes.

phagocytes.

NK cells.

plasma cells.

T lymphocytes.

phagocytes

Which acts as first line of defense against pathogens?

macrophages

skin

inflammation

lymphocytes

skin

Match the type of immunity to its description.

A. specific

B. nonspecific

Secreted lysozyme kills bacteria.

nonspecific

How do goblet cells in the airway contribute to the defense of the body?

They secrete mucus to trap pathogens.

Autoimmune diseases are an example of a(n) ________ response by the immune system.

incorrect

lack of

overactive

incorrect

When the immune system creates a response that is out of proportion to the threat it has been exposed to, the response is called an

allergy or hypersensitivity reaction.

The most prevalent infectious disease(s) in the United States is/are __________.

viral and bacterial infections

Which of the following statements about viruses is true?

Viruses are cells.

Viruses are usually surrounded by a capsule.

Viruses cannot be killed by antibiotics.

Viruses can survive and reproduce outside a host.

Viruses cannot be killed by antibiotics.

Which of the following statements about the internal immune response is FALSE?

Foreign substances entering the body must be detected and identified.

Participating immune cells act alone and are usually sufficient to combat an infection.

Participating immune cells must communicate with each other to carry out an organized response.

The invading foreign substance must be killed or suppressed.

Participating immune cells act alone and are usually sufficient to combat an infection.

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid tissue of the body?

bone marrow

thymus gland

lymph nodes

digestive tract

lymph nodes

Which of the following is a subtype of leukocyte that is NOT commonly found in blood?

dendritic cells

monocytes

neutrophils

lymphocytes

eosinophils

dendritic cells

Which of the following is an example of passive acquired immunity?

The body makes its own antibodies when dead or disabled pathogens are injected.

The body makes its own antibodies when a pathogen invades the tissues.

Antibodies are produced in response to exposure to pollen or food allergens.

the transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus or the injection of gamma globulin

the transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus or the injection of gamma globulin

Granulocytes are _______.

white blood cells whose cytoplasm contain prominent granules

__________ are associated with parasites and contribute to allergic reactions.

Eosinophils

Molecules that attract immune cells are called __________.

chemotaxins

All of the following molecules can act as opsonins EXCEPT _______.

acute phase proteins

complement

antibodies

granzymes

granzymes