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Binding Energy
Energy that holds the nucleus together.
Mass Defect
Difference between atom's mass and its particles.
E=mc²
Energy equals mass times the speed of light squared.
Radioactive Isotopes
Unstable isotopes emitting particles and energy.
Gamma Rays
Pure energy without mass or charge.
Alpha Particle
Helium-4 nucleus, positively charged.
Beta Particle
An electron emitted from the nucleus.
Gamma Emission
Release of pure energy following decay.
Nuclear Reactions
Involve rearrangement of protons and neutrons.
Chemical Changes
Involve rearrangement of electrons.
Neutron Emission
Release of a neutron from the nucleus.
Positron Emission
Conversion of a proton to a neutron.
Fission
Splitting a nucleus into smaller nuclei.
Fusion
Combining low weight nuclei into larger ones.
Half-Life
Time for half of a reactant to decay.
Critical Mass
Minimum mass required for a chain reaction.
Transmutation
One element transforms into another.
Electron Capture
Nucleus captures an electron to form a neutron.
Decay Rate
Rate at which a radioactive isotope decays.
Nuclear Binding Energy
Energy required to disassemble a nucleus.
Nuclear Medicine
Use of radioisotopes for diagnosis and treatment.
Radioactive Dating
Determining age using half-life measurements.
Food Irradiation
Using radiation to kill bacteria in food.
Radioactive Tracers
Used to explore chemical pathways in studies.
Ionizing Smoke Detectors
Use americium-241 for smoke detection.
Henri Beckerel
Accidentally discovered radioactivity in 1896.
Marie Curie
Pioneered research on radioactivity.
Pierre Curie
Contributed to the study of radioactivity.
