Key concepts D444 Adult Health WGU Complete with 100% accurate solutions + rationales

Inflammation - Cardinal Signs

Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

Wound Healing - Phases

Inflammatory, proliferative, remodeling

Inflammation - Medications

NSAIDs, corticosteroids, antihistamines

Pressure Injury Staging

Stage 1: Non-blanchable redness; Stage 2: Partial-thickness; Stage 3: Full-thickness skin loss; Stage 4: Full-thickness tissue loss

Types of Immunity

Innate (natural) and acquired (active/passive)

Hypersensitivity Types I-IV

Type I: Allergy; II: Cytotoxic; III: Immune complex; IV: Delayed

Transplant Rejection Types

Hyperacute (minutes), Acute (days-weeks), Chronic (months-years)

Allergic Disorders - Treatment

Antihistamines, corticosteroids, immunotherapy

GERD - Treatment

Lifestyle changes, PPIs, H2 blockers, antacids, fundoplication surgery

PUD - H. pylori Triple Therapy

PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin

Upper GI Bleed - Signs

Hematemesis, melena, hypovolemic shock

Esophageal Varices - Treatment

Octreotide, band ligation, beta-blockers, TIPS procedure

IBD - Key Difference

Crohn's: skip lesions, entire GI; UC: continuous, colon/rectum

Appendicitis - Classic Signs

RLQ pain, rebound tenderness, fever, McBurney's point

Bowel Obstruction - Symptoms

Vomiting, distention, no flatus, high-pitched bowel sounds

Celiac Disease - Diagnosis

IgA-tTG antibodies, intestinal biopsy

Hepatitis B/C - Transmission

Blood, sexual contact, perinatal

Cirrhosis - Management

Lactulose, diuretics, beta-blockers, sodium restriction

Pancreatitis - Labs

Elevated amylase and lipase

Cholecystitis - Murphy's Sign

Pain during RUQ palpation on deep inspiration

BPH - First-line Treatment

Alpha-blockers (tamsulosin), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride)

Testicular Cancer - Key Symptom

Painless testicular mass

Erectile Dysfunction - Medications

PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil)

Prostate Cancer - Screening

PSA, DRE, biopsy if indicated

Types of Pain

Acute vs Chronic, Nociceptive vs Neuropathic

Pain Assessment Mnemonic

OLDCART: Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating, Relieving, Treatment

Pain Management Ladder

Step 1: Nonopioids; Step 2: Weak opioids; Step 3: Strong opioids

Six Rights of Medication Administration

Right patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation

NANDA - Purpose

Standardized nursing diagnoses for care planning

Concept Mapping in Nursing

Visual tool to connect assessment, diagnosis, outcomes, and interventions