Studied by 111 people
culture
a group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people
township and range
A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.
Metes and Bounds
A term used in describing the boundary lines of land, setting forth all the boundary lines together with their terminal points and angles. Metes (length or measurements) and Bounds (boundaries) description is often used when a great deal of accuracy is required.
long lots
houses erected on narrow lots perpendicular to a long river, so that each original settler had equal river access (french)
Imperialism
Forceful extension of a nation's authority by conquest or by establishing economic and political domination of other nations that aren't it's colonies.
multiculturalism
The practice of valuing and respecting differences in culture.
indigenous language
the native language of a people in an area
menifacts
The central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs, including language, religion, folklore, and etc. "What a culture believes"
Indo-European languages
languages from the indo-european family. Spoken by half of the world's people, and includes, among others, the germanic, romance, and slavic subfamilies.
language family
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.
Expansion Diffusion
when innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations.
extinct language
A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.
cultural traits
a particular group's individual skills, customs, and ways of doing things
folk/local culture
a small culture that incorporates a homogeneous population that is typically rural and cohesive in cultural traits.
globalization
growth to a global or worldwide scale
popular culture
large culture that incorporates heterogeneous populations, is typically urban, and experiences quick changing traits.
material culture
the things a group of people construct, including homes, clothing, sports, dance, and foods.
Post Modern Architecture
A reaction in architectural design to the feeling of sterile alienation that many people get from modern architecture. Postmodernism uses older, historical styles and a sense of lightheartedness and eclecticism. Buildings combine pleasant-looking forms and playful colors to convey new ideas and to create spaces that are more people-friendly than their modernist predecessors.
nonmaterial culture
beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people. EX) Hutterites value marrying within their religion
cultural appropriation
the process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit
urbanization
Movement of people from rural areas to cities
Distance Decay
How quickly innovations diffuse and refers to how interlinked two places are through transportation and communication
hierarchical diffusion
Occurs when the diffusion innovation or concept spreads from a place or person of power or high susceptibility to another in a leveled pattern.
contagious diffusion
idea spreads from person to person
stimulus diffusion
Occurs when the innovative idea diffuses from its hearth outward, but the original idea is changed by the new adopters.
relocation diffusion
When people move, or relocate, they spread ideas along with them
assimilation
the process of people adopting the dominant culture and abandon their own culture.
cultural relativism
the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
cultural landscape
the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape
sequent occupance
The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.
placelessness
coined by George Edward Relph to describe the loss of uniqueness in place in the cultural landscape to the point that one place looks like the next
traditional architecture
buildings use building materials available and reflect social/environmental customs of the people
sense of place
made by the emotions and memories attached to a place. Changes as we and the place change.
ethnicity
an identity based on being bounded or related to a certain place over time
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
ethnic cultures
members share cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language/dialect, symbolic systems (religion/mythology), rituals, cuisine, dressing styles, art, or physical appearance
ethnic enclave
a small area occupied by a distinctive minority culture
dialect
a variant of a standard language along regional or ethnic liens. Made of differences in: vocab, syntax, pronunciation, cadence, and pace.
isogloss
boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions
artifacts
Any item, made by humans, that represents a material aspect of culture
Syncretism
a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith
Toponym
The name given to a portion of Earth's surface.
language family
way of classifying languages at the global scale. The languages have shared by fairly distant origins. Broken into sub-families.
language branch
divisions within a language family, the commonalities are more definite and origins more recent. Consists of individual languages with smaller spatial extents and dialects with even smaller spatial extents
colonialism
Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
centripetal force
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
centrifugal force
a force that divides people and countries
language groups
set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics
lingua franca
a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce.
pidgin language
when people speaking 2 or more languages are in contact and they combine parts of their languages in a simplified structure and vocabulary
cultural divergence
the restriction of a culture from outside influences
cultural hearth
Locations on Earth's surface where specific cultures first arose.
cultural convergence
contact and interaction of one culture and another
Creolization
The blending of African, European, and some Amerindian cultural elements into the unique sociocultural systems found in the Caribbean.
multilingual states
countries in which more than one language is in use
official language
adopted by countries as the language of the government
sociofacts
The institutions and links between individuals and groups that unite a culture, including family structure and political, educational and religious institutions
religion
a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities.
monotheistic religion
worship a singly deity
polytheistic religion
worship more than one deity, even 1000s
social media
any tool or service that uses the internet to facilitate conversations
universalizing religions
actively seek converts because they view themselves as offering belief systems and universal appropriateness and appeal.
ethnic religion
Adherents are born into the faith and converts are not actively sought.
Judaism
Ethnic religion. Based off teachings of Abraham. In Middle East, N Africa, Russia, Ukraine, Europe, and N and S America. Monotheistic.
Christianity
single founder (Jesus), split from Judaism, monotheistic, first split: between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox.
Islam
founded by Muhammad, Qu'ran, Allah, monotheistic, 5 pillars, pilgrimage to Mecca/hajj.
secularism
Belief that humans should be based on facts and not religious beliefs
sacred sites/sacred space
places people infuse with religious meaning (reverence or fear). If infused with reverence, a pilgrimage may be made to the place.
hajj
the pilgrimage to Mecca
interfaith boundaries
the boundaries between the world's major faiths. subject to potentially divisive cultural forces.
intrafaith boundaries
the boundaries within a single major faith. Divisions between: Catholics and Protestants (especially in N Ireland), Muslim Sunni and Shia
theocracy
a government in which religion rules
Acculturation
(n.) the modification of the social patterns, traits, or structures of one group or society by contact with those of another; the resultant blend
animism
Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.
Note 
Flashcard (201)