Plato

Who stated that 'Injustice is ignorance'?

Socrates

What is the primary focus of Plato's 'The Republic'?

Justice

What institution did Plato found that lasted until 529 AD?

The Academy

Who were Plato's brothers involved in 'The Republic'?

Glaucon and Adeimantus

What relationship between philosophy and politics did Plato explore?

Whether a just regime is possible.

What are the three parts of the soul in Plato's ideal society?

Appetitive, spirited, and rational.

What metaphor did Plato use to describe the philosopher's role in society?

A 'gadfly that awakes the sleepy horse.'

What does the allegory of the cave represent?

The transition from ignorance to knowledge.

How does Socrates define justice in opposition to Thrasymachus's view?

Justice is not merely the advantage of the strongest.

What type of city does Plato describe as the 'city of needs'?

A healthy city before concepts of good and evil.

What does the 'ring of Gyges' question in The Republic?

Whether one would still act justly if they could not be caught.

What societal structure does Plato's 'The Republic' ultimately aim to create?

A totalitarian society led by philosopher-kings.

What does Plato mean by 'noble lies'?

Stories that contain some truth meant to educate and instill values.

What philosophical method is exemplified in Book I of 'The Republic'?

The Socratic method (elenchus).

What is the ideal type of ruler in Plato's philosophy?

The philosopher-king.

What does Socrates conclude at the end of the dialogue relating to justice?

He knows nothing, reflecting on the complexity of justice.

What is the nature of Plato's dialogues compared to treatises?

They are not formal treatises but rather explorations through dialogue.

What does the term 'teleological' refer to in relation to Plato's philosophy?

Everything has a purpose or end (telos).

Why does Plato argue for the censorship of poets?

Because they teach lies, distorting the truth of the gods.

What cycle of government does Plato describe?

From timocracy to oligarchy, democracy, anarchy, kingship, and tyranny.

What concept does the character Cephalus represent in The Republic?

The older generation's view of justice based on wealth and piety.

What was the response of the philosophers to the political events in Athens during Plato's time?

They questioned the relationship between philosophy and politics.

What is the significance of the 'dialectical method' mentioned in Plato's works?

It is a process of argumentation that leads to the synthesis of ideas.