Motor Learning Test 2

Explain Fitts & Posner’s Stages of Learning.

Cognitive, Associative, autonomous.

What are the key components for each stage of learning: Cognitive

Focus on understanding basics
inconsistent, lots of errors
high levels of cognitive effort and concentration
heavy external feedback

What are the key components for each stage of learning: Associative

Smoother and more coordinated
Errors decrease, start recognizing and correcting mistakes
Less cognitive effort required
Reliant on internal feedback and self correction

What are the key components for each stage of learning: Autonomous

Skill performed automatically
Refined and efficient movements
Adaptability increases
Smooth, accurate, and consistent performance

What are the goals for each stage of learning: Cognitive

Develop basic understanding of skill
Trial and error
Establish rough coordination

What are the goals for each stage of learning: Associative

Improve consistency and efficiency
Enhance motor patterns through practice
begin refining movements to increase accuracy and speed

What are the goals for each stage of learning: Autonomous

Expert-level proficiency with minimal cognitive effort
Perform under varying conditions with confidence
maintain consistency and further define technique through practice

Explain Kahneman's Attention Theory

Attention is a Limited Cognitive Resource that is allocated based on task demands, motivation, and arousal levels. The theory highlights: Limited Capacity, Allocation of Attention, Arousal Performance, and Task Evaluation. Useful in understanding multitasking, learning, sports performance, and distraction management.

Explain the concept of attention as a limited capacity resource and how this concept applies to other aspects of life.

The concept is that we have a limited amount of mental energy that must be shared among different tasks. When it exceeds out capacity performance declines. applies to multitasking, learning, sportsm mental fatigue, and technology use.

List the different types of sensory memory. Explain what each type is and how long it lasts.

Iconic:

Visual, lasts for 0.2-0.5

Echoic:

Auditory, lasts 3-4 seconds

Haptic

touch, lasts up to 2 seconds

What physiological factors contribute to automatization?

Repeated practice strengthens neural pathways, increases myelination, enhances synaptic plasticity, and engages the basal ganglia, and cerebullum, making tasks quicker and automatic.

Automaticity

Ability to perform a task with little to no conscious effort

Neuroplasticity

The brains ability to reorganize and adapt by forming new neural connections throughout life.

Declarative knowledge

Explicit knowledge of facts and concepts that can be consciously recalled

Procedural knowledge

Knowledge of how to perform tasks, often learned repetition

Retrieval

The process of accessing stored information from memory

Recall

A type of retrieval where information is retrieved without cues

Encoding

The process of converting information into a format that can be stored in memory

Rehearsal

The repetition of information to strengthen memory retention

Learning

A lasting change in knowledge or behavior due to experience

Performance

The ability to demonstrate learned skills or knowledge in a given situation

Plasticity

THe brains ability to change and adapt in response to experiences or learning