AP World History: Modern - Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (Developments in Dar al-Islam) - Vocabulary

All vocabulary to know for 1.2 APWH.

Muhammad

most important prophet of Islam

died in 632

merchant

House of Wisdom

Islamic university

Abbasid Empire

Mamluks

enslaved people bought by Arabs

ethnic Turks from Central Asia

served as soldiers and later bureaucrats

Mamluk Sultanate

1250-1517

established by Mamluk slaves

Seljuk Turks

challenged Abbasids

Muslims

started conquering Middle East in 11th century (expanding to Western China)

Sultan

Seljuk leader

Crusaders

Christian army who wanted to reopen the Holy Land (closed under Seljuks)

Mongols

most famous conquerors in history

fourth group to attack the Abbasids

came from Central Asia

ended Abbasid Empire in 1258

unable to push into Africa due to the Egyptians stopping them

Baghdad

center of Islamic learning

center of trade until trade routes shifted north

Abbasid Caliphate

led by Arabs and Persians

shariah

Islamic law

Nasar al-Din al-Tusi

1201-1274

contributed to astronomy, law, logic, ethics, mathematics, philosophy, and medicine

observatory built under his direction

accurate astronomical charts produced by it

studied triangles (groundwork for trigonometry)

Ibn Khaldun

1332-1406

accurate historical accounts

a founder of historiography and sociology

Historiography

the act of studying the works of historians

Sociology

study of societies

‘A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah

1460-1507

Sufi poet/mystic

most prolific female Muslim writer before the 20th century

Sufism

type of Islam that focuses on Islamic truths that cannot be attained from just reading the Quran

hijab

practice of dressing modestly in accordance with Islam or a specific covering

dowries

money paid by suitors to secure brides

harem

living space for wives, concubines, and children

Umayyads

ruled briefly in the Middle East

ruled Spain longer

captured Cordoba

Battle of Tours

732, rare defeat of Islamic army

slowed Islamic expansion into Western Europe

against Frankish forces

dhows

first developed in India or China

long, thin hulls

only good for trade

Ibn Rushd (Averroes) (12th century)

did commentaries on Aristotle

wrote about law, secular philosophy, and natural science

influence Maimonides

al-Andalus

place of cultural transfer

place where people of the book lived in harmony

Maimonides (1135-1204)

Jewish philosopher

synthesized Aristotle’s reasoning/biblical interpretation

influenced Christian philosophers (ex. St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274))