Solutions, Microscope Components, and Acids and Bases

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering solutions, microscope parts and their functions, and properties of acids, bases, and salts.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture (blended) where one substance dissolves completely in another, such as salt water, sugar, or vinegar.

Solute

The substance being dissolved in a solution, usually present in a smaller amount.

Solvent

The substance that dissolves the solute, usually present in a larger amount.

Microscope

An instrument used to view objects that are too small to be seen clearly with the unaided eye.

Base (Microscope)

The part that provides basal support for the microscope.

Condenser

A microscope component that concentrates light onto the specimen.

Iris/diaphragm

A part of the microscope that controls the amount of light reaching the specimen.

Objective lenses

Lenses on a microscope that provide different levels of magnification.

Coarse adjustment knob

A knob that moves the tube up or down for initial focus.

Fine adjustment knob

A knob that makes small focusing changes to sharpen the image.

Arm

The part that supports the tube of the microscope and connects to the base of the microscope.

Stage

The flat platform used for placing the slides under observation.

Stage clip

Holds the stage/slides in a proper place.

Eyepiece or ocular lens

The lens present at the top used to see the object under study, containing a magnification of $5\times$, $10\times$, or $15\times$.

Tube or body tube

Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.

Revolving nosepiece/turret

Contains holders for different objective lenses and allows the rotation of the lenses while viewing.

Low power objective (LPO)

An objective lens with $10\times$ magnification that is yellow and the shortest among the three.

High power objective (HPO)

An objective lens with $40\times$ magnification that is blue and the longest among the three.

Oil immersion objective (OIO)

An objective lens (such as $100\times$) that uses mount oil between the objective lens and the specimen to fill the space, increasing the numerical aperture to achieve high resolution.

Heat effect on solubility

Increasing temperature usually increases the solubility of a solid.

Acids

Substances that produce $H^+$ ions (pH range $1$ to $6$), such as vinegar, lemon juice, and soft drinks.

Bases

Substances that produce $OH^-$ ions (pH range $8$ to $14$), such as baking soda and detergent.

Salt

The product of an acid-base reaction, such as table salt and Epsom salt.