Chapter 2 PSYCH BEHAVIOR THEORIES, COGNITIVE THEORIES, HUMANISTIC THEORIES, BIOLOGICAL THEORIES, AND DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES

behavior theories developed that if behavior changes so does

personality

behavior theories argue that personality consists of

learned behavior and can be influenced through conditioning

paplovs classical conditioning theory

uses positive and negative reinforcements (removal of stimuli) to change behavior

classical conditioning responses are

involuntary and not under conscious personal control

skinner operant conditioning theory is

elicits behavior through reinforcement which causes behavior to occur more frequently , uses positive and negative reinforcement (punishment)

operant conditioning theory created by?

skinner

classical operational theory created by?

pavlov

behavioral therapy

assumes that changes in maladaptive behavior can occur without insight into underlying cause

5 things we expect from behavioral therapy

modeling, operant conditioning, systematic desensitization, aversion therapy, and biofeedback

aversion therapy

pairing a target behavior with negative stimulus in order to eliminate undesirable behavior

biofeedback

controlling the bodies physiological response to stress and anxiety

cognitive theory created by

beck

cognitive theory is

thoughts come before feelings and actions, thoughts about the world and our place in it are based on our unique perspective, which may or may not be based on reality

cognitive distortions

are irrational and lead to false assumptions, usually starts with an absolute

cognitive behavioral therapy is when

you identify and test distorted beliefs and change way of thinking, reduce symptoms

CBT is best for

borderline personality disorder

rational emotive behavior therapy

by Ellis and is aimed to eradicate irrational beliefs and thoughts that aren’t accurate

humanistic theory created by

maslow

humanistic theory is

we are good by nature and motivated by unmet needs

maslow has a theory of

Motivation

theory of motivation is

human beings are active participants in life striving for self-actualization, but that cannot happen if basic needs are not met

maslows’s hierarchy of needs named in order (bottom to top)

physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self actualization

physiological needs

food, water, oxygen, elimination, rest, and sex

safety needs

security, protection, stability, structure, order, and limits

love and belonging needs

affiliation, affection, relationships, and love

esteem needs

self esteem related to competency, achievement, esteem from others

self actualization needs

becoming everything one is capable of

biological theories

abnormal behavior is the result of a physical problem

biological theories focus on

neurological, chemical, biological, and genetic

how the body and brain interact to create (biological theory)

emotions, memories, perceptual experiences (in cerebellum)

other influences that play a role in the development and treatment of mental disorders

social, environmental, cultural, economic

biological therapies include

pharmacotherapy, ECT, RTMS, VNS, DBS, PET, CT, and hormone levels

PET is used for

seeing how the brain lights up, function of the brain

CT scan is for

to see the structure of the brain

ECT is for

depression, catatonia, mania, can cause pre procedure amnesia

cognitive developmental theories created by? and is?

piaget, and is our mental representation of the world depends on the cognitive stage we have reached

4 stages of cognitive development

sensorimotor stage (0-2yrs), preoperational stage (2yrs-7yrs), concrete operational stage (7-11yrs), formal operational stage (11-adulthood)

theory of psychosocial development created by? and is?

erikson, emphasizes the role of culture and society on personality development (personality evolves through the lifespan)