Problem Solving Concepts

These flashcards encapsulate key terminology and concepts related to problem-solving as covered in the lecture notes.

Problem Definition

A situation where there is a goal to be achieved and obstacles that must be overcome to reach that goal.

Well-Defined Problems

Problems that have clear goals, specific objects involved, definite operations to be used, and specific constraints.

Ill-Defined Problems

Problems that lack clear objectives, acceptable operations, or definite constraints, making them more challenging to solve.

Heuristic

A problem-solving strategy that uses a practical approach to find an approximate solution.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution to a problem if followed correctly.

Functional Fixedness

A cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used.

Set Effects

A tendency to use the same methods or solutions for problems even when they may not work.

Insight

The sudden realization of a problem's solution, often accompanied by an 'Aha!' moment.

Incubation

A problem-solving technique where taking a break from the problem can lead to a solution later on.

Mutilated Chessboard Problem

A problem that asks if a certain arrangement of dominoes can cover a modified chessboard with missing squares.

Water Jug Problem

A problem involving two jugs of different capacities used to measure out a specific quantity of water.

Buddhist Monk Problem

A problem that demonstrates the idea that two journeys on the same path will intersect at some point in time.

Missionaries and Cannibals Problem

A classic river crossing problem where missionaries must cross a river without being outnumbered by cannibals.

Means-End Analysis

A heuristic strategy that involves breaking a problem into smaller, manageable parts to reach a goal.

Analogy in Problem Solving

Using a similar problem that has already been solved as a guide to solve a new problem.