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Humanistic perspectives
Emphasized the unique and positive qualities of human experience and potential
Abraham Maslow and self actualization: reaching our fullest potential (the more good nature that is expressed)
Carl Rogers’ Person-centered perspective: people are basically good, and given the right environment their personality will develop fully and normally
Positive Psych
Uses scientific methods to study human potential and how to promote well-being (helped overturn myths such as money and happiness)
Flow: feeling of full immersion in an activity = being in the zone > y axis is challenging, x axis is what we need to achieve it
Trait Perspective
Personality traits: labels applied to specific attributes of personality (18,000 descriptions tallied by early studies)
Factor Analysis: reveals statistical similarities among wide variety of items (finds the correlations between them)
Five Factor Model
A trait based approach to personality measurement that includes: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Openness to Experience
High: open to new experience, willing to try new things, looking at the world in different perspectives, nonconformist
Low: less willing to consider other perspectives, not willing to try new things, maintain the status cue, often traditionalists
Conscientiousness
High: very organized, disciplined, detail & take oriented, at the expense of spontaneity
Low: disorganized, messy in their lives, not as successful students, not good at meeting deadlines
Extraversion
High: extroverts, very social, life of the party, have lots of friends, risk seeking (skydiving, rollercoasters)
Low: introvert; more shy and reserved, need to recharge their batteries
Agreeableness
High: avoid conflict, great efforts to get along with others, functional in team settings, cooperative
Low: set in their ways, can be stubborn, assertive, have more of a backbone
Neuroticism
High: emotionally volatile, anxious, catastrophiez situations
Low: more emotionally stable, balance their emotions
Traits vs States
state: a temporary or physical psychological engagement that influences behaviour
Four general aspects of situations: locations, associations, activities & subjective states
