Spanish Final

What are the four uses for imperfect tense?

1. Habitual or repeated actions in the past. jugaba “I used to play” or “would”

2. Ongoing actions in the past. Ella leía “she was reading” Ellos cocinaban “they were cooking’

3. Descriptions in the past. Hacía frío “It was cold” La casa era vieja “The House was old”

4. Background information for a story. Eran las ocho “it was 8:00” todos estaban cansados “everyone was tired”.

How do you form Ar verbs in imperfect

Yo -aba

Tú- abas

él/ella-aba

Nosotros-ábamos

ellos-aban

How do you form er/ir verbs

Yo-ía

Tú'-ías

él/ella-ía

nosotros-íamos

ellos-ían

Ex: comer- yo comía/ ellos comían

Vivir- Tú vivías/ nosotros vivíamos

What are the only 3 irregular imperfect verbs

1. Ser- Yo era

2. Ir- yo iba

3. Ver- yo veía

What is the conjugation for Ser in imperfect tense

Ser- “to be” was/were/used to be/was being

yo-era

Tú- eras

él/ella/usted- era

nosotros- éramos

ellos/ellas/ustedes- eran

Ir in imperfecto

Ir- “to go” was going/used to go/would go

yo-iba

tú- ibas

él/ella/usted- iba

nosotros- íbamos

ellos/ellas/ustedes- iban

Ver in imperfecto

ver- “to see” was seeing/used to see/used to watch/would see/ would watch

yo- veía

tú- veías

él/ella/usted- veías

nosotros- veíamos

ellos/ellas/ustedes- veían

what are common verbs that change meaning in the preterite

Conocer(I met)

Saber (to have learned, or found out)

Querer (to have tried)

no querer (to have refused)

Poder (to have managed)

Tener (to have got or received)

Tener que (to have had to and did)

What are the conjugations for verbs in ar for preterite

yo- é

tú- aste

él/ella/usted- ó

nosotros- amos

vosotros- asteis

ellos/ellas/ustedes- aron

conjugations for ER/IR in preterite

yo- í

tú- iste

él/ella/usted- ió

nosotros- imos

vosotros- isteis

eels/ellas/ustedes- ieron

What are preterite stem-changing verbs the IR scandal verbs

e: i

pedir- pidió

servir- sirvió

repetir- repitió

preferir- prefirió

vestirse- se vistió

divertirse- se divertió

o: u

dormir- durmió

morir- murió

What are preterite spelling changes ONLY FOR YO

-car: c to qu -ex: yo buscar- busqué

-gar: g to gu -ex: yol llegar- llegué

-zar: z to c -ex: yo empezar- empecé

what are the vowel ending stem verbs

rule: i to y in él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes

ex:

leer: yo leí, ella leyó, ellas leyeron

Construir: yo construí, él construyó, ellos construyeron

creer: yo creí, usted creyó, ustedes creyeron

caer: yo caí ella cayó, ellas cayeron

oír: yo oí, él oyó, ellos oyeron

incluir: yo incluí, usted incluyó, ustedes incluyeron

Irregular stem preterite no accents

endings: e, iste, o, imos, isteis, iron, -j use eron

U-stem verbs

tener- tuv-

estar- estuv

andar- pud-

poner- pus

saber- sup

caber- cup-

I-stem verbs

hacer- hic- ella hizo

venir- vin-

querer- quis-

J-stem verbs (drop I in -ieron to -eron)

decir- dij- dijeron

traer- traj- trajeron

producir- produj- produjeron

conducir- conduj-

traducir- traduj- tradujeron

Verbs with both spelling and stem changes

Dar:

yo di

tu diste

Ella dio

nosotros dimos

vosotros disteis

ellas dieron

Ver:

yo vi

tú viste

Ella vio

nosotros vimos

vosotros visteis

ellos vieron

Ir/ser

yo fui

tú fuiste

él fue

nosotros fuimos

vosotros fuisteis

ellos fueron

what is Qué used for

definition, explanation or description

what is cuál used for

choosing from known options or identifying one specific thing

what is Cuáles used for

when choosing more than one thing from known objects, plural form of cuál

What are the prepositional pronouns

yo- mí

tú- ti

él- él

Ella- ella

usted- usted

nosotros- nosotros

ustedes- ustedes

ellos- ellos

what are the two pronouns that combine with con?

Mí- conmigo

ti- Contigo

what is the structure for se reflexive

Is the subject doing it to themselves?

subject + Se+ verb

ex: ellos se abrazan

Accidental unintentional se

Did it happen accidentally?

se + indirect object pronoun + verb

Se me cayó el teléfono

impersonal se

third persons singular

Is there no real subject?

Se+ verb

ex: aquí se hablas español - Spanish is spoken here

passive and replacing le les

Does it sound passive and the verb agrees with a noun?

passive se

se + verb

Se venden casas- houses are sold

is it just replacing le/les?

replacing le les

Le di el libro- se lo di

Les envié las cartas- se las envié

reciprocal se

Are they doing it to each other?

Los estudiantes se ayudan en clase.- the students help each other in class

adverbs of manner

Cómo/mente

ex mente:

-rápidamente

lento -lentamente/ slowly

cuidadoso- cuidadosamente /carefully

Adverbs of time

hoy- today

mañana- tomorrow

nunca- never

siempre- alwats

adverbs of place

aquí-here

allí- there

cerca- near

lejos- far

adverbs of quantity or degree

mucho- a lot

poco- a little

demasiado- too much

muy- very

adverbs of frequency

a veces- sometimes

siempre- always

frecuentemente- frequently