ANHB2216 Human Reproductive Biology

steroids

hormone derived from cholesterol

hydrophobic

steroid hormones

hydrophilic

protein hormones

classes of steroid hormones

progestogens, androgens, estrogens

classes of eicosanoids

prostaglandins

classes of protein hormones

gonadotrophin, somatomammotophins, cytokines

half life

period of time hormones can remain in circulation

blood concentration of hormone

production rate / clearance rate

progesterone

supports gestation, thickens endometrium, develops breast for lactation

5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone

most potent androgen

5-aplha-reductase

converts testosterone into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone

estradiol 17 beta

most potent estrogen

estradiol

grows endometrium, breast fat and increases water concentration of cervical mucus

endocrine

cells secrete hormone into bloodstream and target specific receptors on target cells

paracrine

cells secrete hormone into interstitial fluid to target nearby cells

autocrine

cells secrete hormone that targets itself

exocrine

secretes fluid into a duct

types of gonadotrophins

LH, FSH, hCG

types of somatomammotrophins

prolactin, hCS, growth hormone

types of cytokines

inhibit A and B, anti mullein hormone, relaxin

types of oligopeptides

GnRH, oxytocin, kisspeptin

LH

targets leydig cells (testis) and thecal cells (ovarian follicle)

FSH

targets sertoli cells (testis) and granulose cells (ovarian follicle)

aromatase

converts testosterone into estradiol

Inhibin B function

negative effect on FSH

estradiol function

negative effect on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

kisspeptin function

drives GnRH

Human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) role

enable fuel sources to be used during pregnancy

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

stops menstruation to maintain pregnancy by continuing lifespan of corpus luteum