History of Pharmacy
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30 Terms
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pharmakon
drug meaning both remedy and poison
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apothecary
a person who prepared and sold medicines and drugs
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Pharmacopeia
Document: Book of Drug Recipes
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2000 BC Ancient China
Document: Pen T-Sao
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1500 BC Egyptians
Document: Papyrus Ebers
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1000 BC India
Document: Charaka Samhita
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500 BC Greece
Small Clay Tablet: First therapeutic agent to show a trademark
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100 BC Rome
Document: De Materia Medica
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130 AD to 200 AD Rome
Person: Galen of Pergamon
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Galenicals
pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means
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8th Century Baghdad
Stores appeared for the distribution of compounded chemicals.
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15th Century Europe
Document: Nuovo Recetario - 1st Pharmacopeia followed by Europe
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Jaber Ibn Hayyan (8th century)
Person: Father of Chemistry; Managed 1st stores for the distribution of compounded chemicals.
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John Winthrop (1640)
Person: 1st apothecary established in Boston
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Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf (1727)
Person: Recognized as the first female pharmacist in America; owned apothecary shops in Boston
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John Morgan (1951)
Person: Advocated for written prescriptions; Philadelphia
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William Procter Jr. (1852)
Person: Father of American Pharmacy; Leader in founding the APhA
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Mary Munson Runge (1979)
Person: 1st Woman and 1st African American to become the president of APhA
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Master, Wardens, and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London England (1617)
1st organization of Pharmacists.
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Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (1821)
1st College of Pharmacy in the United States
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American Pharmacists Association (APhA) (1852)
Provide more uniform standards of education
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United States Pharmacopeia (USP) (1820)
Document: 1st book of medication standards accepted by the entire nation
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Traditional Era 1900 to 1930
Era: Role of the pharmacist to form and dispense medications from natural sources
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Scientific Era began in late 1930s
Era: New Medications; Scientific Testing; Mass Production of Synthetic Medications and Antibiotics
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Clinical Era began in 1960s
Era: Role of the pharmacists to dispense medications but also to medication information, warnings and advice to patients.
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Pharmaceutical Care Era began in the 1990s
Era: Pharmacists are focused on patient centered, outcome-driven practices; active in patient disease management.
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Medication Therapy Management (MTM)
Process: Goal for a patient in need of chronic care to achieve the optimum therapeutic outcome; Reduce adverse events in patients.
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Medication Reconciliation
Process: Review of patient's medications (new and past) with the purpose of avoiding medications errors including omissions, duplications, dosing errors, medications interactions.
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Medicare
Federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older; for younger people with disabilities; and people with End-Stage Renal Disease
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Medicaid
Federal program that provides medical benefits for low-income persons.
