History of Pharmacy

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pharmakon

drug meaning both remedy and poison

<p>drug meaning both remedy and poison</p>

apothecary

a person who prepared and sold medicines and drugs

Pharmacopeia

Document: Book of Drug Recipes

2000 BC Ancient China

Document: Pen T-Sao

1500 BC Egyptians

Document: Papyrus Ebers

1000 BC India

Document: Charaka Samhita

500 BC Greece

Small Clay Tablet: First therapeutic agent to show a trademark

100 BC Rome

Document: De Materia Medica

130 AD to 200 AD Rome

Person: Galen of Pergamon

Galenicals

pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means

8th Century Baghdad

Stores appeared for the distribution of compounded chemicals.

15th Century Europe

Document: Nuovo Recetario - 1st Pharmacopeia followed by Europe

Jaber Ibn Hayyan (8th century)

Person: Father of Chemistry; Managed 1st stores for the distribution of compounded chemicals.

John Winthrop (1640)

Person: 1st apothecary established in Boston

Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf (1727)

Person: Recognized as the first female pharmacist in America; owned apothecary shops in Boston

John Morgan (1951)

Person: Advocated for written prescriptions; Philadelphia

William Procter Jr. (1852)

Person: Father of American Pharmacy; Leader in founding the APhA

Mary Munson Runge (1979)

Person: 1st Woman and 1st African American to become the president of APhA

Master, Wardens, and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London England (1617)

1st organization of Pharmacists.

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (1821)

1st College of Pharmacy in the United States

American Pharmacists Association (APhA) (1852)

Provide more uniform standards of education

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) (1820)

Document: 1st book of medication standards accepted by the entire nation

Traditional Era 1900 to 1930

Era: Role of the pharmacist to form and dispense medications from natural sources

Scientific Era began in late 1930s

Era: New Medications; Scientific Testing; Mass Production of Synthetic Medications and Antibiotics

Clinical Era began in 1960s

Era: Role of the pharmacists to dispense medications but also to medication information, warnings and advice to patients.

Pharmaceutical Care Era began in the 1990s

Era: Pharmacists are focused on patient centered, outcome-driven practices; active in patient disease management.

Medication Therapy Management (MTM)

Process: Goal for a patient in need of chronic care to achieve the optimum therapeutic outcome; Reduce adverse events in patients.

<p>Process:  Goal for a patient in need of chronic care to achieve the optimum therapeutic outcome; Reduce adverse events in patients.</p>

Medication Reconciliation

Process: Review of patient's medications (new and past) with the purpose of avoiding medications errors including omissions, duplications, dosing errors, medications interactions.

<p>Process:  Review of patient&apos;s medications (new and past) with the purpose of avoiding medications errors including omissions, duplications, dosing errors, medications interactions.</p>

Medicare

Federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older; for younger people with disabilities; and people with End-Stage Renal Disease

<p>Federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older; for younger people with disabilities; and people with End-Stage Renal Disease</p>

Medicaid

Federal program that provides medical benefits for low-income persons.

<p>Federal program that provides medical benefits for low-income persons.</p>