pharmakon
drug meaning both remedy and poison
apothecary
a person who prepared and sold medicines and drugs
Pharmacopeia
Document: Book of Drug Recipes
2000 BC Ancient China
Document: Pen T-Sao
1500 BC Egyptians
Document: Papyrus Ebers
1000 BC India
Document: Charaka Samhita
500 BC Greece
Small Clay Tablet: First therapeutic agent to show a trademark
100 BC Rome
Document: De Materia Medica
130 AD to 200 AD Rome
Person: Galen of Pergamon
Galenicals
pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means
8th Century Baghdad
Stores appeared for the distribution of compounded chemicals.
15th Century Europe
Document: Nuovo Recetario - 1st Pharmacopeia followed by Europe
Jaber Ibn Hayyan (8th century)
Person: Father of Chemistry; Managed 1st stores for the distribution of compounded chemicals.
John Winthrop (1640)
Person: 1st apothecary established in Boston
Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf (1727)
Person: Recognized as the first female pharmacist in America; owned apothecary shops in Boston
John Morgan (1951)
Person: Advocated for written prescriptions; Philadelphia
William Procter Jr. (1852)
Person: Father of American Pharmacy; Leader in founding the APhA
Mary Munson Runge (1979)
Person: 1st Woman and 1st African American to become the president of APhA
Master, Wardens, and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the City of London England (1617)
1st organization of Pharmacists.
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (1821)
1st College of Pharmacy in the United States
American Pharmacists Association (APhA) (1852)
Provide more uniform standards of education
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) (1820)
Document: 1st book of medication standards accepted by the entire nation
Traditional Era 1900 to 1930
Era: Role of the pharmacist to form and dispense medications from natural sources
Scientific Era began in late 1930s
Era: New Medications; Scientific Testing; Mass Production of Synthetic Medications and Antibiotics
Clinical Era began in 1960s
Era: Role of the pharmacists to dispense medications but also to medication information, warnings and advice to patients.
Pharmaceutical Care Era began in the 1990s
Era: Pharmacists are focused on patient centered, outcome-driven practices; active in patient disease management.
Medication Therapy Management (MTM)
Process: Goal for a patient in need of chronic care to achieve the optimum therapeutic outcome; Reduce adverse events in patients.
Medication Reconciliation
Process: Review of patient's medications (new and past) with the purpose of avoiding medications errors including omissions, duplications, dosing errors, medications interactions.
Medicare
Federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older; for younger people with disabilities; and people with End-Stage Renal Disease
Medicaid
Federal program that provides medical benefits for low-income persons.
Studied by 89 People
