ex 2 simple distillation of organic solvents

simple distillation

involves the process of separating two or more liquids homogenously mixed but with different boiling points (at least 20° difference)

lowest

as the distillation progresses, the concentration of the __ boiling component will steadily decrease

-

simple distilation

eventually, the temperature within the apparatus will begin to change and a pure compound can no longer be distilled

• the temperature within the apparatus will continue to increase until the boiling point of the other liquid left at the distilling flask

• when the temperature again stabilizes, another pure fraction of the distillate can be collected (fractional distillation)

-

distillation set up

boiling chips

small, insoluble, porous stones made of calcium carbonate or silicon carbide

calcium carbonate or silicon carbide

boiling chips are small, insoluble, porous stones made of __

boiling chips

have pores inside which provide cavities both to trap air and to provide spaces where bubbles of solvent vapor can form. these bubbles ensure even boiling and prevent bumping and boiling over and loss of the solution

right below the side arm

the bulb of the thermometer should be placed __ of the distillation flask

-

simple distillationn process

lowering the pressure

the application of distillation is limited to a certain extent due to the of decomposition some organic compounds when they are distilled at normal atmospheric pressure

this problem can be resolved by __, thus, lowering the boiling point of the substance

35

theoretical boiling point of diethyl ether

77

theoretical boiling point of ethyl acetate

40

theoretical boiling point of dichloromethane

78

theoretical boiling point of ethanol

56

theoretical boiling point of acetone

117

theoretical boiling point of n-butanol