Population & Settlements
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104 Terms
Accessibility
How easy it is for people to travel to and from a particular point, usually in terms of time travelled.
Brownfield site
site A site that has been previously built on and could be re-developed.
Bustee
A term used for a shanty in some south Asian countries.
CBD
The central business district: the area in a town or city with the highest land prices, greatest accessibility, and a concentration of big shops and offices.
Commuter
A person who travels from home to work elsewhere.
Commuting
Travelling to and from work (usually from home) on a daily basis. The term commuting usually implies that the journey takes some time, rather than just walking down the road.
Comparison goods
Goods not bought every day. The shopper visits more than one store to look at different prices and quality, e.g. furniture, shoes, clothes.
Conurbations
As cities have grown outwards, they have merged with other towns and cities to produce very large settlements.
Convenience goods
Goods bought almost every day from local shops, e.g. bread and milk.
Core and frame
The concept that the centre and outsides of the CBD will have different and distinctive land use types.
Counter-urbanisation
The movement of people from towns back to rural areas.
Dispersed settlement
Where settlement is scattered and not concentrated.
Dormitory village
A small settlement where many of the people commute to work in another settlement.
Dry point
Higher points in otherwise poorly drained areas.
Favela
A term used for a shanty in some South American countries.
Function
(a) another word for service, or (b) the purpose of a settlement, e.g. mining or industry.
Ghetto
Part of an urban area with a concentration of a single racial group living in relative poverty.
Greenfield site
A site not previously built on.
Hierarchy of services
Placing the services of a settlement or area in rank order of importance – based on the population needed to support the service and the frequency of use.
Hierarchy of settlements
A list of settlements in order of population size, number and range of functions and importance.
High-density housing
Housing with a large number of dwelling units per square kilometre.
High-order services
Services with a large threshold population (such as a department store or a university). They are usually offered in small numbers and only found in the larger settlements.
High-order settlements
Settlements higher up the hierarchy, e.g. large cities, which are fewer in number, spaced further apart, and having a wider range of services.
Land use
How land has been used by humans, including agriculture, settlement and industry. Vegetation which might have been affected by humans could be included.
Linear settlement
Settlement in a line, often along roads.
Low-density housing
Housing with fewer dwelling units per square kilometre.
Low-order services
Services with a small threshold population (such as a local shop or a primary school). They are usually in large numbers and are found in most settlements.
Low-order settlements
Settlements lower down the hierarchy, e.g. small villages, which are larger in number, more closely spaced and with a small range of services.
Mega city
A city with a population of over 10 million people.
Millionaire city
A city with a population of over 1 million people.
Nucleated settlement
Where settlement is fairly compact and clustered around particular points. There are fewer isolated dwellings.
Nucleated village
A small settlement where buildings are clustered together.
Park and ride
A system used to reduce traffic congestion. Car parks are provided on the edge of the built-up area, with buses to the centre.
Range
The maximum distance that people are prepared to travel to obtain a particular service.
Residential area
A housing area.
Residential zone
A housing zone of a town or city.
Retail
Shopping.
Rural
Associated with the countryside and villages.
Rural-urban fringe
The area just beyond the main built-up area, which has distinctive land uses still linked to the urban area, e.g. sewage works, golf courses or airports.
Service
Anything that is provided in a settlement for the population, including goods that can be bought in shops and other retail outlets (e.g. food, petrol or clothing), businesses like hairdressers (which are sometimes called retail services), as well as public services (like schools, hospitals, government, police, water and electricity).
Shanty
A slum dwelling, which is a temporary or poorly built construction – usually on land that does not belong to the householder.
Site
The land on which a settlement or factory etc. is built.
Situation
The position of a settlement in the surrounding area.
Slum
Housing which is considered to be below acceptable standards.
Social
Connected with people or society.
Sphere of Influence
The area served by a settlement or service.
Threshold population
population The minimum number of people needed to provide a large enough demand for a service.
Transition zone
The edge of the CBD which is in the process of change – either by the CBD expanding or by the area going into decline.
Twilight zone
zone A problem area on the edge of the CBD that has been badly affected by change. It often contains derelict land and buildings, and has high rates of crime and social problems.
Urban
Associated with towns and cities.
Urban morphology
The distribution of land-use types in an urban area – the same as urban structure.
Urban sprawl
The process of large urban areas growing outwards rapidly into the surrounding rural area.
Urban structure
The distribution of land-use types in an urban area – the same as urban morphology.
Urbanisation
The movement of people from one town or city to another.
Wet point
A site with reliable sources of water from rivers, springs and wells in an otherwise dry area.