World History Study

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55 Terms

1
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Nickname: The Sun King
Louis XIV
2
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Nickname: Madame Deficit
Marie Antoinette
3
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Nickname: The National Razor
The Guillotine
4
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Unlimited Power; Divine Right to Rule; King is above the Law
Absolutism
5
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Middle Class Member of the Third Estate; doctors, philosophers, bankers, etc
Bourgeuisie
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Nobility; pay no taxes
Second Estate
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Clergy (Roman Catholic Church); pays voluntary taxes
First Estate
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Commoners: bourgeoisie, artisans, urban working class, and peasants; pay 100% of taxes
Third Estate
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Leader in South American revolutions; military general; worked closely with Simon Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
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Moderates during the revolution; Marat wanted to kill them
Feuillants
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Radicals; did not want a constitutional monarchy but a republic
Jacobins
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Restoring power to rulers ousted by Napoleon
Legitimacy
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Murdered by Charlotte Corday in an attempt to stop the increasing violence of the French Revolution
Marat
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Richest woman in Europe, but exiled because she was critical of Napoleon
Germaine de Stael
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People are selfish & evil; need an absolute ruler to keep them in line
Thomas Hobbes
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Social contract; people give up some rights to government to maintain social order
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Advocated for free speech & religious freedom, but didn't trust democracy
Voltaire
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Check & balances; divide government power so no one can become too powerful
Baron de Montesquieu
19
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Advocated for natural rights: life, liberty, and property
John Locke
20
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Who opposed the French Revolution because they feared similar revolutions would come to their countries?
European monarchs
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Purpose was to route out internal and external enemies of the revolution
Committee of Public Safety
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Goal was to create a new constitution
Tennis Court Oath
23
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Peasants attacked rural nobles and burned feudalism documents during _______
The Great Fear
24
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At the beginning of Louis XVI's reign France was
an absolute monarchy
25
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First and Second Estate combined were what percentage of the population?
2%
26
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Who paid 100% of the taxes in France?
Third Estate
27
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The Third Estate made up what percentage of the population?
98%
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What voting change did the Third Estate propose to the Estates General?
Voting by Head
29
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The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was partially inspired by
The US Bill of Rights
30
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Which event added to the French government's debts?
The American Revolution
31
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Which happened first: the Declaration of Pillnitz, the formation of the National Assembly, Louis XVI beheading, or the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
formation of the National Assembly
32
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A sudden, violent seizure of power
Coup d'etat
33
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Napoleon crowned himself emperor, proving the ____ had no power over him or France
Pope
34
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Napoleon's conquest of Europe lead to increasing ___ in Europe and the colonies
Nationalism
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Feeling the pride and devotion to one's country and culture; desire to be independent from colonial powers
Nationalism
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Napoleon's rule denied many rights to
Women
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Furthered the goals of the revolution by including equal rights, religious freedom, and ending feudalism
Declaration of Pillnitz
38
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Napoleon's invasion of ___ was a massive failure and ultimately led to his downfall
Russia
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Simon Bolivar faced bitter rivalries, which made it hard to be united as one country in
Gran Colombia
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Countries of Latin America gained independence from all the following European nations EXCEPT
Britain
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First Latin American nation to gain independence; led by Toussaint L'Ouverture
Haiti
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Helped L'Ouverture achieve victory
Outbreak of Yellow Fever
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Dom Pedro crowned himself emperor and declared ___ independent from Portugal
Brazil
44
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People born in Spain who dominated political & social life
Peninsulares
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People who descended from European families and owned the haciendas, ranches, and mines
Creoles
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People born of Native American and European descent
Mestizos
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People born of African and European descent
Mulattoes
48
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The Revolution in Haiti was also known as a ___ revolution
Slave
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What was the goal of the Greek Revolution in the 1820s?
To end Ottoman rule/gain individual freedoms
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Which nation did Belgium win independence from in 1831?
Holland
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In 1848, Italy failed to gain independence from
The Hapsburg Empire (Austria)
52
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Mexico wanted independence to gain ___ from Spain
an end of slavery/free elections & voting rights/equal rights
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Germany failed to unify and create a constitution when they rebelled against
King Frederick William (Prussia)
54
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Gran Colombia split into
Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador
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Known as the Great Liberator, which leader helped several Latin American nations gain independece?
Simon Bolivar