World History Study

Nickname: The Sun King

Nickname: The Sun King

Louis XIV

Nickname: Madame Deficit

Marie Antoinette

Nickname: The National Razor

The Guillotine

Unlimited Power; Divine Right to Rule; King is above the Law

Absolutism

Middle Class Member of the Third Estate; doctors, philosophers, bankers, etc

Bourgeuisie

Nobility; pay no taxes

Second Estate

Clergy (Roman Catholic Church); pays voluntary taxes

First Estate

Commoners: bourgeoisie, artisans, urban working class, and peasants; pay 100% of taxes

Third Estate

Leader in South American revolutions; military general; worked closely with Simon Bolivar

Jose de San Martin

Moderates during the revolution; Marat wanted to kill them

Feuillants

Radicals; did not want a constitutional monarchy but a republic

Jacobins

Restoring power to rulers ousted by Napoleon

Legitimacy

Murdered by Charlotte Corday in an attempt to stop the increasing violence of the French Revolution

Marat

Richest woman in Europe, but exiled because she was critical of Napoleon

Germaine de Stael

People are selfish & evil; need an absolute ruler to keep them in line

Thomas Hobbes

Social contract; people give up some rights to government to maintain social order

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Advocated for free speech & religious freedom, but didn't trust democracy

Voltaire

Check & balances; divide government power so no one can become too powerful

Baron de Montesquieu

Advocated for natural rights: life, liberty, and property

John Locke

Who opposed the French Revolution because they feared similar revolutions would come to their countries?

European monarchs

Purpose was to route out internal and external enemies of the revolution

Committee of Public Safety

Goal was to create a new constitution

Tennis Court Oath

Peasants attacked rural nobles and burned feudalism documents during _______

The Great Fear

At the beginning of Louis XVI's reign France was

an absolute monarchy

First and Second Estate combined were what percentage of the population?

2%

Who paid 100% of the taxes in France?

Third Estate

The Third Estate made up what percentage of the population?

98%

What voting change did the Third Estate propose to the Estates General?

Voting by Head

The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was partially inspired by

The US Bill of Rights

Which event added to the French government's debts?

The American Revolution

Which happened first: the Declaration of Pillnitz, the formation of the National Assembly, Louis XVI beheading, or the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

formation of the National Assembly

A sudden, violent seizure of power

Coup d'etat

Napoleon crowned himself emperor, proving the ____ had no power over him or France

Pope

Napoleon's conquest of Europe lead to increasing ___ in Europe and the colonies

Nationalism

Feeling the pride and devotion to one's country and culture; desire to be independent from colonial powers

Nationalism

Napoleon's rule denied many rights to

Women

Furthered the goals of the revolution by including equal rights, religious freedom, and ending feudalism

Declaration of Pillnitz

Napoleon's invasion of ___ was a massive failure and ultimately led to his downfall

Russia

Simon Bolivar faced bitter rivalries, which made it hard to be united as one country in

Gran Colombia

Countries of Latin America gained independence from all the following European nations EXCEPT

Britain

First Latin American nation to gain independence; led by Toussaint L'Ouverture

Haiti

Helped L'Ouverture achieve victory

Outbreak of Yellow Fever

Dom Pedro crowned himself emperor and declared ___ independent from Portugal

Brazil

People born in Spain who dominated political & social life

Peninsulares

People who descended from European families and owned the haciendas, ranches, and mines

Creoles

People born of Native American and European descent

Mestizos

People born of African and European descent

Mulattoes

The Revolution in Haiti was also known as a ___ revolution

Slave

What was the goal of the Greek Revolution in the 1820s?

To end Ottoman rule/gain individual freedoms

Which nation did Belgium win independence from in 1831?

Holland

In 1848, Italy failed to gain independence from

The Hapsburg Empire (Austria)

Mexico wanted independence to gain ___ from Spain

an end of slavery/free elections & voting rights/equal rights

Germany failed to unify and create a constitution when they rebelled against

King Frederick William (Prussia)

Gran Colombia split into

Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador

Known as the Great Liberator, which leader helped several Latin American nations gain independece?

Simon Bolivar