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Nickname: The Sun King
Louis XIV
Nickname: Madame Deficit
Marie Antoinette
Nickname: The National Razor
The Guillotine
Unlimited Power; Divine Right to Rule; King is above the Law
Absolutism
Middle Class Member of the Third Estate; doctors, philosophers, bankers, etc
Bourgeuisie
Nobility; pay no taxes
Second Estate
Clergy (Roman Catholic Church); pays voluntary taxes
First Estate
Commoners: bourgeoisie, artisans, urban working class, and peasants; pay 100% of taxes
Third Estate
Leader in South American revolutions; military general; worked closely with Simon Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
Moderates during the revolution; Marat wanted to kill them
Feuillants
Radicals; did not want a constitutional monarchy but a republic
Jacobins
Restoring power to rulers ousted by Napoleon
Legitimacy
Murdered by Charlotte Corday in an attempt to stop the increasing violence of the French Revolution
Marat
Richest woman in Europe, but exiled because she was critical of Napoleon
Germaine de Stael
People are selfish & evil; need an absolute ruler to keep them in line
Thomas Hobbes
Social contract; people give up some rights to government to maintain social order
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Advocated for free speech & religious freedom, but didn't trust democracy
Voltaire
Check & balances; divide government power so no one can become too powerful
Baron de Montesquieu
Advocated for natural rights: life, liberty, and property
John Locke
Who opposed the French Revolution because they feared similar revolutions would come to their countries?
European monarchs
Purpose was to route out internal and external enemies of the revolution
Committee of Public Safety
Goal was to create a new constitution
Tennis Court Oath
Peasants attacked rural nobles and burned feudalism documents during _______
The Great Fear
At the beginning of Louis XVI's reign France was
an absolute monarchy
First and Second Estate combined were what percentage of the population?
2%
Who paid 100% of the taxes in France?
Third Estate
The Third Estate made up what percentage of the population?
98%
What voting change did the Third Estate propose to the Estates General?
Voting by Head
The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was partially inspired by
The US Bill of Rights
Which event added to the French government's debts?
The American Revolution
Which happened first: the Declaration of Pillnitz, the formation of the National Assembly, Louis XVI beheading, or the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
formation of the National Assembly
A sudden, violent seizure of power
Coup d'etat
Napoleon crowned himself emperor, proving the ____ had no power over him or France
Pope
Napoleon's conquest of Europe lead to increasing ___ in Europe and the colonies
Nationalism
Feeling the pride and devotion to one's country and culture; desire to be independent from colonial powers
Nationalism
Napoleon's rule denied many rights to
Women
Furthered the goals of the revolution by including equal rights, religious freedom, and ending feudalism
Declaration of Pillnitz
Napoleon's invasion of ___ was a massive failure and ultimately led to his downfall
Russia
Simon Bolivar faced bitter rivalries, which made it hard to be united as one country in
Gran Colombia
Countries of Latin America gained independence from all the following European nations EXCEPT
Britain
First Latin American nation to gain independence; led by Toussaint L'Ouverture
Haiti
Helped L'Ouverture achieve victory
Outbreak of Yellow Fever
Dom Pedro crowned himself emperor and declared ___ independent from Portugal
Brazil
People born in Spain who dominated political & social life
Peninsulares
People who descended from European families and owned the haciendas, ranches, and mines
Creoles
People born of Native American and European descent
Mestizos
People born of African and European descent
Mulattoes
The Revolution in Haiti was also known as a ___ revolution
Slave
What was the goal of the Greek Revolution in the 1820s?
To end Ottoman rule/gain individual freedoms
Which nation did Belgium win independence from in 1831?
Holland
In 1848, Italy failed to gain independence from
The Hapsburg Empire (Austria)
Mexico wanted independence to gain ___ from Spain
an end of slavery/free elections & voting rights/equal rights
Germany failed to unify and create a constitution when they rebelled against
King Frederick William (Prussia)
Gran Colombia split into
Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador
Known as the Great Liberator, which leader helped several Latin American nations gain independece?
Simon Bolivar
Note 
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