POL205 PRESIDENTS

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Emilio Aguinaldo

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Presidents and Policies

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1

Emilio Aguinaldo

In his presidency: DFA established, Pact of Biak na Bato, American and Meiji relations, Treaty of Paris (`1st Pres)

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2

Apolinario Mabini

First minister of the Dept of Foreign Affairs

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3

Treaty of Paris

Treaty which sold the Philippines to the US for 20 million dollars, ending the Spanish-American War

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4

Pact of Biak-na-Bato

Pact made by the Spanish government with the Filipino revolutionaries; legitimized the Filipino movement as sovereign outside the control of Spain

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5

Manuel Quezon

In his presidency: Jones Law 1916, Hare-Hawes-Cutting 1933, Tydings-McDuffie 1934, Jewish refugee program, National Defense program (2nd Pres)

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6

Jones Law 1916

Autonomy Act for the Philippines, replaced the American Commission with a proper Senate and promised Independence

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7

Hare-Hawes-Cutting 1933

OsRox mission for independence, protested by Quezon for unfairness

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8

Tydings-McDuffie 1934

Similar to the H-H-C, but contained an immediate promise of independence and national determination

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9

Jewish refugee “Mindanao” project

Program by Quezon to rescue persecuted Jews and settle them in the Philippines as refugees

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10

Jose Laurel

In his presidency: Japanese collaboration gov’t, pursuit for independence, Philippine cultural and economic self-sufficiency, diplomatic neutrality, and resistance to American influence (3rd Pres)

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11

Manuel Roxas

In his presidency: debut of US imperialism, signing of Bell Trade Act 1946, Philippine Rehabilitation Act 1946 (5th Pres)

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12

Bell Trade Act 1946

An act signed by Roxas which introduced parity rights for the Americans as economic leverage in return to rehabilitation and reparation funds

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13

Philippine Rehabilitation Act 1946

Act establishing US aid for the reconstruction of post-war Philippines

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14

Sergio Osmeña

In his presidency: EO No. 76 of 1945 organized the Office of Foreign Relations, membership in the United Nations and the Bell Trade Act (4th Pres)

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15

Elpidio Quirino

In his presidency: White Russian refugee programs, part of Tydings-McDuffie 1946, Mutual Defense treaty with the US, HukBaLaHap rebellion 1948 (6th Pres)

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16

Ramon Magsaysay

In his presidency: Establishment of SEATO, UN Charter, Joint Defense Council, Laurel-Langley Agreement, Huk Rebellion ends (7th Pres)

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17

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

Int’l org. for the collective defense of Southeast Asia, established with the help of Magsaysay and the US

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18

Carlos Garcia

In his presidency: Austerity Program for econ. recovery, Filipino First foreign policy (8th Pres)

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19

Filipino First policy

Foreign policy which prioritized Filipino businesses and companies, led to the decrease of American-led and Fil-Chinese-led business corporations

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20

Diosdado Macapagal

In his presidency: Manila Accord, MaPhilIndo, and Vietnam War (9th Pres)

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21

Manila Accord

Accord respecting the establishment of Malaysia, started the Sabah Dispute

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22

MaPhilIndo

The failed plan to united the Malay world (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines) under Macapagal; a non-political confederation which ended in conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia

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23

Ferdinand Marcos Sr

In his presidency: Laurel-Langley Trade Agreement 1974 (Ended sugar and currency interventionism by the Americans) and Asian Regionalism (10th Pres)

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24

Corazon Aquino

In her presidency: US Bases Extension Treaty (didn’t pass), US Aid foreign loan program, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), UN Convention Against Torture, Int’l Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and RA 7042 allowing 100% equity for foreign investors (11th Pres)

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25

Benigno Aquino

In his presidency: WPS Arbitration, Protecting OFWs, Economic Diplomacy and National Security policies (15th Pres)

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26

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

In her presidency: Int’l Council of Women World Leaders, 9 Foreign Policy Realities, PH-Japan Trade Deal, OFW Strengthening ties (14th Pres)

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27

Nine Foreign Realities

Partnerships with China-Japan-US , ASEAN, Europe, Islamic Community, Inter-regional orgs, environmental protection, econ. diplomacy, international tourism, and OFWS

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28

Fidel Ramos

In his presidency: Mindanao Peace Talks, Implementation of Mutual Defense Treaty, RA 8042 Migrant Workers Act (12th Pres)

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29

Joseph Estrada

In his presidency: US-PH Visiting Forces Agreement, Restrictions in the WPS against Chinese intrusion (13th Pres)

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