Science: Unit 1 Test Review - Space

Solar System

A gravitational bound system that of the Sun and the objects orbit it

Mercury

Terrestrial, mall, inner planet

Venus

Terrestrial, small, inner planet and hottest planet in the solar system

Earth

Terrestrial, small, inner planet and the only planet that has life

Mars

Terrestrial, small, inner planet

Jupiter

Gas giant, large, outer planet and largest planet in our solar system

Saturn

Gas giant, large, outer planet and has rings

Uranus

Gas giant, large, outer planet

Neptune

Gas giant, large, outer planet and coldest planet in our solar system

Asteroid belt

An area between Mars and Jupiter that contained asteroids and other space objects

Kuiper belt

A doughnut shaped region of icy objects beyond Neptune

Natural satellites

Any object that orbits a planet

Asteroids

Very small planets made of rock or metal that orbit the sun (1-1000km)

Meteoroid

Rocks or metal objects smaller than an asteroid

Meteor

Becomes a meteor if it enters earth’s atmosphere

Meteorite

the parts of a meteor that land on the earth

Comet

Chunks of ice, dust, and rock that orbit the sun. Has a gaseous trail

Galaxies

A group of a billion to one hundred trillion stars

Universe

Everything that physically exists

Dark matter

Unidentified type of matter comprising approximately 27% of the mass and energy in the universe

Dark energy

Unknown form of energy which is thought to be everywhere and pulls the universe apart

Dwarf planet

A planet that cannot dominate its own orbit

Moon

an object that orbits a planet

Black hole

a place in space with such strong gravitational pull that not even light can escape

Heliocentric

Having the sun in the center with earth and other planets orbiting around it

Electromagnetic spectrum

The range of electromagnetic radiation

Astronomical Unit

Unit used in Space

Orbit

a curved path that an object takes as it moves around a another object due to its gravitational pull

Redshift

Light from distant objects shift towards the red part of the spectrum meaning the object is moving away

Big bang

Universe expanded from a very high density and temperature state into the universe we see today

Tide

The rise and lower of sea levels due to the gravitational pull of the moon, the earth and the rotation of the earth.

Eclipse

A celestial body block the light of another one causing temporary darkness.

Light year

Units of the distance light travels in a year

Why do we have seasons

Because of the earth tilt in certain parts of its orbit around the sun different places face the sun and away from the sun causing seasons

How do planets or satellites orbit

Gravity

A pull between objects with mass

How do you know its summer or winter?

Titled towards the sun = summer in the north winter in the south Titled away from the sun summer in the south winter in the north

Sun

Determines the climate, weather and energy needed for all life on earth

Characteristics of terrestrial planets

Solid, rocky surface, high density and small

Characteristics of Gas giants

Not a solid surface, hydrogen and helium, has a lot of moons and rings, and big