Bio Final

What does CHNOPS stand for?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

What are the 4 macromolecules?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Which macromolecule provides quick energy?

Carbohydrates

Which macromolecule provides storage of energy in the form of body fat?

lipids

What is the monomer of proteins?

Amino acids

Enzymes are made from which major macromolecule?

Proteins

Which organelle stores DNA?

Nucleus

Where are proteins made?

ribosomes

What organelle takes food and turns it into ENERGY for plant and animal cells?

Mitochondria

The site of photosynthesis is…

chloroplast

What is the gel-like substance inside of cells called?

cytoplasm

A rigid layer that lies outside the plant cell's membrane is…

cell wall

What organelle helps with cell digestion?

lysosome

Which organelle is directly involved in the transportation of materials inside/within the cell?

endoplasmic reticulum

One of the principle compounds that living things use to store energy is…

ATP

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Glucose and oxygen

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide and water

Cellular respiration occurs in both plants and animals. True or False?

True

What does cellular respiration do?

Releases energy from complex organic molecules.

What does photosynthesis do?

It converts glucose and oxygen into energy.

Enzymes are made from which major biomolecule

Proteins

Which molecule is the best source of short term energy??

Glucose

What is the right chemical reaction for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2,

What is not right chemical reaction for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 12H0 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2,

Where in the cell does cellular respiration occur?

mitochondria

What is a product of cellular respiration

Carbon dioxide and water

Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur.

chloroplast

What molecule is considered an enzyme

Amylase

What cell structure produces ATP

Mitochondria

What type of maromolecule stores, transmit, and express genetic information.

Nucleic acid

What is the monomer of nucleic acid

nucleotide

What type of macromolecule makes up this Membrane

phospholipid

In an isotonic solution, which way dose the water flow

It flows both ways in at equal rates

DNA stands for

deoxyribonucleic acid

The sugar found in DNA is known as

deoxyribose

What are the parts of a nucleotide

phosphate group, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

— Is the process by which DNA is copied

DNA replication

What type of bond holds bases together in DNA

Hydrogen bonds

What is the enzyme that unzips DNA

Helicase

Where does DNA replication take place?

Nucleolus

Why does DNA replication occur.

To make new cells.

What is protein synthesis?

Making proteins

The process in which DNA is copied to make RNA is known as..

Transcription

—- is the process in which the mRNA messages is decoded and proteins is made

Translation

A chain of — makes up a proteins.

Amino acids

A change in the DNA sequences that affects genetics information

mutation

What does D represent?

Decomposition

What does A represent?

photosynthesis

What does B represent?

Animal respiration.

What does C represent?

Elimination

What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?

Trophic levels

What does C represent?

Fossil fuels

What does the letter D represent?

Factory emiss

What does E represent?

Nitrification

When ATP is broken down in a chemical reaction, what is released?

Energy

What type of macromolecule stores, transmits, and express gentinc information?

Nucleic acid

What cell structure produces ATP?

Mitochondria

When ADP is converted to ATP ______________________. What happens?

a phosphate group is added

Enzymes speed up reactions within the human body by…

changing the pH level

A chain of many smaller subunits bond to form a larger molecule. What is the larger molecule called?

Polymer

The process which organisms keep their internal environment constant or equal is called __________.

Homeostasis

On a line graph where would the dependent variable go?

On the y-axis

Which of the following organisms would breathe in the gas produced from cellular respiration?

Plants

When ATP is broken down in a chemical reaction, what is released?

Energy

What is the principal pigment in green plants?

Chlorophyll

If the body can no longer make ATP, which type of transport would be impacted?

Active Transport

Osmosis is....

the movement of water from low water concentration to high water concentration.

Which type of diffusion is represented?

Osmosis

Maintaining a constant internal state in a changing environment.

Homeostasis

Which of these is not a form of passive transport?

Endocytosis

Whats thee formula for water

H₂O

Whats the formula for oxygen

6O₂

whats the formula for Carbon Dioxide

6CO₂

Whats the formula for Glucose

C₆H₁₂O₆

What is the formula for cellular respiration

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

What is the formula for photosynthesis

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

What does aerobic mean

organisms that require oxygen

The purpose of meiosis is to produce...

Haploid gametes cells

Meiosis occurs in what type of cells?

Gametes

In which organelle does translation occur?

ribosomes

What are the 4 bases found in a RNA molecule?

Adenine, Cytosine, Uracil, Guanine

The uncontrolled growth of cells is called?

Cancer

Which description best describes what is happening in the diagram below?

Anaphase

Which of the following represents letter B in the cell cycle

Mitosis

Which structure of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

B

What does active transport need?

ATP

What does passive transport need?

Not ATP

The cell membranes acts like the "door" to cell allowing certain molecules and nutrients in or out. What is the cell membrane made mostly of?

Lipids

What is the type of passive transport where larger molecules move through a protein carrier and are moving from high concentration to low concentration?

Facilitated diffusion

On the diagram below, the letter "D" represents what molecule?

Phospholipid bilayer

On the diagram below, the letter CAPITAL "C" represents what molecule?

Protein Channel

What does the term "selectively permeable" mean?"

Allows certain substances to pass through while restricting others

Oils, fats and waxes are forms of which of the following molecules?

Lipids

What does letter A represent?

Substrates

What does letter C represent?

Active site

What does letter B represent?

What does letter D represent?

Diffusion is a form of __________ transport.

Passive

_____________ is the free movement of particles across the membrane with the concentration gradient

diffusion

What do the brown structures represent?

Channel Proteins