Acute Inflammaion: Chem. Mediators

List the chemicals involved in inflammaion:

• Vasoactive Ammines

• Plasma Proteases

• ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLITES

• Leukocyte Products

• VASOACTIVE AMINES

  • Histamine, Serotonin

• PLASMA PROTEASES

  • Kinin System: Bradykinin

  • Complement System: C3 - C5

  • Clotting System: Hageman Factor

• ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLITES

  • Leukotrienes and Prostaglandin

• LEUKOCYTE PRODUCTS

  • Neutrophil Enzymes

  • Lymphocyte Lymphokines

Describe Histamine

• Function

• Which Cells?

• Released by?

Describe Serotonin (5-ht)

• Function

• Which Cells?

• Released by?

Histamine:

• Function:

  • Vasodilatation,

  • Permeability increase,

  • Fluid leak

• Which Cells?

  • mast cells, basophils, platelets

• Release by

  • Physical injury

  • Immune reactions

  • Anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a)

  • Cytokines (IL1& IL8)

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Serotonin (5-ht)

• Function:

  • Vasodilatation, Permeability: increase

• Which Cells:

  • mast cells, basophils, platelets

• Release by

  • Platelet contact with collagen, thrombin,Ag-Ab

  • Platelet activating factor (PAF)

What is the Function of Hageman factor (XII)

Draw out the Kinnin System

Describe Kallikrein

• Function?

Kallikrein

• Function

  • Forms active substances

    • Bradykinin (vasodilatation, increased permeability, pain)

    • C3b

  • Act.

    • factor XII

    • plasminogen to plasmin (forming compliment)

Describe Bradykinin

• function?

Bradykinin

• Function:

  • Vasodilatation, permeability: increase

  • Contraction of smooth muscle

NOTE: Pain when injected

[REVIEW] function of Complement system

Draw out the process of Arachidonic acid metabolism

Describe PAF

• What is it?

• Secreted from?

• Function?

Platelet activating factor (PAF)

• What is it?

  • Modified phospholipid

• Secreted from:

  • WBC, platelets, endothelial cells

• Function:

  • Most of Features of Inflammation

    • Platelet activation, 

    • Vascular permeability

    • WBC aggregation, 

    • Adhesion,

    •  chemotaxis

List the important cytokines for inflammation

Cytokines

• Important ones for inflammation

  • TNF, Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

    • Act. Inflammatory cells, 

    • endothelium adhesion molecules,

    •  aggregation/priming of neutrophils

  • IL-8 

    • chemokine

Describe NO

• From

• Function

Nitric Oxide (NO)

• From:

  • endothelial cells

  • macrophages

• Function:

  • Smooth muscle relaxant: vasodilation

  • Microbial killing activity

  • Anti-inflammatory

  • reduces platelet aggregation and adhesion

  • reduces WBC recruitment