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Self-efficacy
was first coined by psychologist Albert Bandura (1977) a Canadian -American psychologist and a professor at Stanford University.
is a person’s particular set of beliefs that determine how well one can execute a plan of action in prospective situations.
Performance accomplishment
Vicarious Learning
Social Persuasion
Emotional Arousal
Bandura’s Self Efficacy Theory (Influences)
Persistence
Performance
Approach versus Avoidance
Bandura’s Self Efficacy Theory (Possible Outcomes)
Performance accomplishment
Vicarious Learning
Social Persuasion
Emotional Arousal
Self Efficacy
Behavior Performance
How does Self Efficacy develop?
Self-Efficacy Beliefs
Albert Bandura (1997) states individuals develop these by interpreting information from four main sources of influence.
Mastery of Experience
refers to the experiences one gains when they take on a new challenge and are successful at doing so.
the most influential source of efficacy information because they provide the most authentic evidence of whether one can muster whatever it takes to succeed.
Vicarious Experiences (Social Role Models)
The second most important source of self-efficacy is through the vicarious experiences provided by social models.
involve observing other people successfully completing a task.
Social Persuasion
Receiving positive verbal feedback while undertaking a complex task persuades a person to believe that they have the skills and capabilities to succeed.
Self-efficacy is influence by encouragement pertaining to an individual’s performance or ability to perform.
Emotional and Physiological Stress
The emotional, physical, and psychological well-being of a person can influence how a person feels about their personal abilities in a particular situation.
By learning how to manage anxiety and enhance mood when experiencing challenging situations, individuals can improve their sense of self - efficacy.
Emphasize Peer Modeling
Seek Feedback
Encourage Participation
Allow people to make their own choices
Building Self Efficacy
Building Self Efficacy
People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
Ability is not a fixed property; there is a huge variability in how you perform.
People who have sense of self- efficacy bounce back from failure; they approach things in terms of how to handle them rather than worrying about what can go wrong” (Bandura, 1977)
Application of Self Efficacy
High self-efficacy has been linked with numerous benefits to daily life, such as resilience to adversity and stress, healthy lifestyle habits, improved employees’ performance, and educational achievement.
The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSEC)
How self-efficacy is measured
as developed by Matthias Jerusalem and Ralf Schwarzer - the scale is composed of only 8 items, rated on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)
The scores were then calculated by taking the average of all 8 responses, (these will respectively range from 1 to 5)
The way the test is supposed to work is so that the higher one’s score is, the greater the level of self- efficacy in said individual.
“I will be able to achieve most of the goals that I have set for myself”
“When facing difficult tasks, I am certain that I will accomplish them”
“In general, I think that I can obtain outcomes that are important to me”
“I believe I can succeed at most any endeavor to which I set my mind”
“I will be able to successfully overcome many challenges”
“I am confident that I can perform effectively on many different task”
“Compared to other people, I can do most tasks very well.”
“Even when things are tough, I can perform quite well”
The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSEC) Questions