TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Article XV, Section 3, Paragraph 2

Which specific section of the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides the right of children to special protection from all forms of abuse and conditions prejudicial to their development?

RA 7610

Which law is known as the Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act?

PD 603

Which law is known as the Child and Youth Welfare Code?

RA 9344

Which law is known as the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006?

Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL)

RA 9344 primarily deals with what specific group of individuals?

Person below 18 years of age

What is the primary legal definition of a child according to RA 7610?

Person 18 or older unable to protect self due to disability

What is the secondary legal definition of a child under RA 7610?

Age of majority

What is the legal term for reaching the age of 18, when a person gains the capacity to bind themselves to contracts?

Attending physician

In a clinical setting, who has the primary legal obligation to report suspected child abuse?

48 hours

Under RA 7610 and PD 603, what is the legal timeframe for reporting suspected abuse from the time of discovery?

Good faith

What is the legal requirement for a reporter to be granted immunity from civil or administrative liability?

DSWD, LGU, NBI, or Women’s Protection Desk

What are four government agencies where child abuse can be reported simultaneously?

Fine of no more than 2,000 pesos

What is the specific legal penalty for a healthcare professional who fails to report a possible case of abuse?

Cruelty

Any act or deed that degrades a child or demeans their worth is defined as?

Physical Abuse

Which type of abuse is an act of commission producing actual or potential physical harm within the control of a caregiver?

Psychological Abuse

Which type of abuse involves harm to the child's psyche causing antisocial behavior or PTSD?

Neglect

The failure to provide basic needs for reasons other than poverty is defined as?

Statutory rape

What is the legal term for sexual intercourse with a child under 12 years old, regardless of whether "consent" was given?

Lasciviousness

What category of abuse includes "green" jokes made by a caregiver to a child?

Exploitation

Taking photos of a child to appeal to the prurient interest of viewers for money is categorized as?

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

What is the most widely ratified international human rights treaty globally?

1989

In what year was the UNCRC adopted?

1990

In what year did the Philippines ratify the UNCRC?

Non-discrimination

Which UNCRC principle ensures all children enjoy rights equally regardless of status or parents' beliefs?

Best Interests of the Child

Which UNCRC principle requires children's welfare to be a primary consideration in all decisions?

Right to Life, Survival, and Development

Which UNCRC principle obliges the State to support a child's holistic growth?

Respect for the views of the child

Which UNCRC principle recognizes children as active participants who should be heard according to their maturity?

Survival and development rights

Which category of children's rights includes access to healthcare, nutrition, and safe shelter?

Protection rights

Which category of rights reflects the state's obligation to protect children from all forms of harm?

Participation rights

Which category of rights recognizes children as active rights holders entitled to privacy and information?

Respect, Protect, Fulfill

What are the three binding legal obligations of the State toward children under international law?

RA 10627

Which law is known as the Anti-Bullying Act?

RA 11930

Which law is known as the Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children (OSAEC) Act?

RA 11648

Which law raised the age of sexual consent in the Philippines to 16 years?

Child Protection Network (CPN)

What NGO works to strengthen child protection systems through multidisciplinary services in Philippine hospitals?

5 Core Pillars

How many core pillars sustain the CPN framework (Medical, Safety, Network, Education, Research)?

Women and Children Protection Units (WCPUs)

What are the specialized units in DOH and LGU hospitals that manage child abuse cases called?

Level 1, 2, and 3

What are the three tiers of WCPUs based on their management capacity?

Sexual abuse

According to 2024 CPN data, what is the most common type of abuse reported (68%)?

Physical abuse

According to 2024 CPN data, what is the second most common type of abuse reported (12%)?

13 to 15 years old

According to the 2024 WCPU report, which age group has the highest incidence of sexual abuse?

Police

What is the primary source of referral for children evaluated in the WCPUs?

Socio-ecological model

Which model is used to understand the multiple levels of risk factors for violence against children?

Individual, Relationship, Community, Society

What are the four levels of the socio-ecological model?

Individual level

A child having special needs or a disability is a risk factor at which socio-ecological level?

Relationship level

Having an absent mother (e.g., OFW) or a "stepfather" is a risk factor at which socio-ecological level?

Community level

Easy availability of alcohol and high crime levels are risk factors at which socio-ecological level?

Society level

Gender inequality and cultural norms that support violence are risk factors at which socio-ecological level?

Spurning

A type of psychological abuse involving belittling, public humiliation, or singling a child out is?

Terrorizing

Placing a child in recognizably dangerous situations or having rigid, unrealistic expectations with threats is?

Isolating

Confining a child within an environment or restricting normal social interactions is?

Denying emotional responsiveness

A form of abuse by omission where a caregiver is detached and provides no warmth or praise is?

Educational neglect

A caregiver allowing a child to engage in chronic truancy is a form of?

Discipline

The process of strengthening desired behaviors and developing internal control in a child is?

Punishment

Using negative stimuli like physical pain to reduce undesired behaviors is?

Bruising

What is the most common abusive injury encountered in the Philippines?

Head and neck

What are the most common sites for abusive bruising?

Those who don't cruise rarely bruise

What is the clinical rule regarding bruising in non-mobile infants less than 6 months old?

TEN-4-FACESp Rule

Which clinical rule is used to predict physical abuse in children under 4 years old or 4 months old?

Torso, Ear, Neck

In the TEN-4-FACESp rule, what does "TEN" stand for?

Frenulum, Auricle, Cheek, Eyelid, Sclera, Patterned

In the TEN-4-FACESp rule, what does "FACESp" stand for?

97%

What is the sensitivity of the TEN-4-FACESp rule in predicting abuse?

Frenular tears

Which specific injury is often seen when a caregiver forcefully inserts a bottle or spoon into an infant's mouth?

Stocking and Glove

What is the term for sharply demarcated bilateral burns without splash marks from forced immersion?

3 cm

An intercanine distance of at least how many centimeters in a bite mark suggests an adult bite?

Shaken Baby Syndrome

What is the common term for Abusive Head Trauma?

Subdural hematoma, Retinal hemorrhages, Brain swelling

What are the three components of the classic Shaken Baby Syndrome triad?

Infant crying

What is the most common trigger for a caregiver to engage in violent shaking of an infant?

Polyvictimization

What term describes a child experiencing multiple types of violence (e.g., physical and emotional) simultaneously?

30 to 50 percent

What is the estimated risk of repeat injury to a child if abuse is not reported?

3rd leading cause

Child abuse is ranked as which leading cause of death in children aged 1 to 4 years?

RECOGNIZE, RECORD, REPORT, REFER

What are the "4Rs" of the clinical approach to child abuse?

Verbatim

When recording a child's account of abuse, in what format should their statements be documented?

Why

Which specific question word should be avoided during a child abuse interview because it sounds blaming?

Acute

A medical evaluation performed within 72 hours of the most recent incident is categorized as?

Non-acute

A medical evaluation performed after 72 hours of the last incident is categorized as?

72 hours

Within how many hours of an incident is the chance of collecting positive DNA evidence highest?

SMR or Tanner Staging

What developmental assessment should be documented to provide context for anogenital findings?

Frog-leg and Knee-chest

What are the two most common positions used for a pediatric anogenital examination?

12:00

In the clock reference for anogenital injuries, which position represents the anterior labia commissure?

Notch

What is the term for a partial indentation of the hymen that is not a full break?

Transection

What is the term for a full-thickness break in the hymenal membrane extending to the vaginal wall?

Missing segment

If a hymenal transection has a width of more than 3 mm, it is labeled as a?

Perforation

A hole in the hymenal membrane separate from the central opening is called a?

ABFO scale

What is the name of the L-shaped plastic scale used in forensic photography to compensate for distortion?

Skeletal Survey

Which diagnostic test is mandatory for physical abuse screening in children less than 2 years old?

SCAR Form

What is the acronym for the standardized Suspected Child Abuse Report form?

Non-contact sexual abuse

Exposing a child to pornography or masturbating in front of a child is categorized as?

RA 11930

Which law defines Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children (OSAEC)?

Targeting the Child

What is the first stage of the grooming process?

Maintaining Control

What is the final (6th) stage of the grooming process using secrecy and guilt?

Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome (CSAS)

Which syndrome explains why children might stay silent or retract their statements about abuse?

Secrecy, Helplessness, Accommodation, Delayed Disclosure, Retraction

What are the five stages of CSAS in order?

Accommodation

Which stage of CSAS involves self-blame and the child trying to keep the family together?

Retraction

What is the term for a child reversing their testimony under pressure from family or the abuser?

2.2%

What percentage of sexually abused children examined non-acutely (after 72h) have abnormal physical findings?

78.6%

What percentage of sexually abused children examined acutely (within 72h) have normal findings?

Consummated rape

According to the Supreme Court (Agao case), penetration of the pudendal cleft in any degree constitutes?

24 hours

Forensic evidence like sperm is unlikely to be identified on a child's body if more than how many hours have passed?

Huffman Stages

What is the name of the stages describing the effect of estrogen on female genitalia?