Affirmative Action
A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities
Federal Court System
The three-tiered structure of federal courts, comprising U.S. district courts, U.S. courts of appeal, and the U.S. Supreme Court.
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Affirmative Action
A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities
Federal Court System
The three-tiered structure of federal courts, comprising U.S. district courts, U.S. courts of appeal, and the U.S. Supreme Court.
original jurisdiction
The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts about a case.
appellate jurisdiction
The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts
Supreme Court
the highest federal court in the United States
solicitor general
A presidential appointee and the third-ranking office in the Department of Justice. The solicitor general is in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government.
Supreme Court Opinions
1. per curiam opinion
2. majority opinion
3. concurring opinion
4. dissenting opinion
original intent
A view that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the original intent of the framers. Many conservatives support this view.
Marbury v. Madison
This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
Doctrine of Stare Decisis
a policy of courts to stand by a precedent and apply it to all future cases where the facts are substantially the same; to stand by things decided
judicial implementation
How and whether court decisions are translated into actual policy, thereby affecting the behavior of others. The courts rely on other units of government to enforce their decisions.
United States v. Nixon
The 1974 case in which the Supreme Court unanimously held that the doctrine of executive priveledge was implicit in the Constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions
Judicial Review
Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws