The Musculoskeletal System

Vocabulary flashcards for the musculoskeletal system, covering bones, muscles, and their functions.

Periosteum

Covers external surfaces except joints, anchoring points for tendons and ligaments.

Endosteum

Covering internal bone surface, covers trabeculae of spongy bone, lines canals that pass through compact bone.

Osteons/Haversian system

Cylindrical structure where osteocytes are arranged in rings, cells housed in lacunae, connected via canaliculi, contains a central canal.

Frontal bone

Forms forehead.

Parietal bone

Top and sides of braincase.

Temporal bone

Below parietals, has external auditory canal and styloid process.

Occipital bone

Base of the skull; foramen magnum for passage of spinal cord.

Foramen magnum

Spinal cord connects to brain stem.

Sphenoid bone

Floor of cranium, part of orbits.

Ethmoid bone

Forms part of orbits and nasal septum.

Tympanic (Temporal Bone)

Surrounds external acoustic meatus (external ear canal).

Petrous (Temporal Bone)

Houses middle and internal ear cavities.

Atlas (First Cervical Vertebrae)

Supports the entire head.

Atlas Term Origin

Greek mythology: atlas supported the globe.

Axis (Second Cervical Vertebrae)

Neck rotation.

Parts of the Sternum

Manubrium.

Pectoral girdle

Attaches upper limbs to body trunk.

Pelvic girdle

Attaches lower limbs to body trunk

Acetabulum

Receives head of femur.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Help to prevent anterior-posterior displacement.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Attaches to anterior tibia.

Posterior cruciate ligament

Attaches to posterior tibia.

Frontalis

Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

Orbicularis Oculi

Closes eyelids and depresses skin of forehead.

Orbicularis Oris

muscle controls movements of the mouth and lips

Masseter

Elevates mandible

Temporalis

Elevates and retracts mandible

Buccinator

Compresses the cheek

Zygomaticus Major

Raises corner of mouth. Smile Muscle.

Sternocleidomastoid

Flexes and laterally rotates head

Iliopsoas

Prime mover of flexion

Sartorius

lateral flexion & rotation of thigh. Cross-legged.

Sartorius

Tailor Muscle

Quadriceps femoris

Powerful knee extensor

Gluteus maximus

major extensor of thigh.

Gluteus medius

abducts & medially rotates thigh

Hamstrings

Prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexes foot when leg is extended

Soleus

Plantar flexion of foot.

Plantaris

flexes leg & plantar flexion.

Popliteus

flexes and rotates leg medially to unlock extended knee when flexion begins.

Flexor digitorum longus

Plantar flexes & inverts foot; flexes toes.

Tibialis Anterior

foot dorsiflexion & inverts foot.

Tibialis posterior

Plantar flexes & inverts foot; flexes toes.